Patho Exam 3 Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Diseases

A collection of flashcards covering key respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders as discussed in the lecture.

Upper respiratory tract infections

Infections that primarily affect the upper respiratory system, including colds, rhinosinusitis, influenza, and COVID-19.

Colds

Viral infections of the upper respiratory tract characterized by clear, watery secretions, red swollen mucous membranes, sore throat, and associated with rhinoviruses.

Rhinosinusitis

Inflammation of the sinuses caused by obstruction from infections, allergies, or other factors, categorized into acute, subacute, and chronic forms.

Influenza

Viral infection causing symptoms such as abrupt onset of fever, chills, and muscle ache, affecting both upper and lower respiratory tracts.

COVID-19

Disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets.

Pneumonia

Inflammation of the alveoli and bronchioles, often caused by infections leading to cough, fever, and difficulty breathing.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A progressive lung disease characterized by air flow limitation and includes conditions such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Asthma

A chronic respiratory condition characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness, leading to wheezing, breathlessness, and coughing.

Nephritic Syndrome

A kidney disorder characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli causing hematuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate.

Nephrotic Syndrome

A kidney disorder involving increased permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier, leading to significant proteinuria and edema.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Infections typically caused by bacteria entering through the urethra, presenting symptoms like dysuria and urgency.

Celiac Disease

An autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, leading to inflammation in the intestines and malabsorption of nutrients.

Diverticulitis

Inflammation of diverticula in the colon, causing abdominal pain and potential complications like perforation.

Alcoholic liver disease

Liver damage resulting from excessive alcohol consumption, which progresses through stages from fatty liver to cirrhosis.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

A severe condition characterized by acute lung injury and increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane.

Chronic Interstitial Diseases

Restrictive lung diseases characterized by reduced lung expansion and decreased lung volumes.

Emphysema

A lung disease causing destruction of the alveoli, leading to airflow limitations and difficulty in breathing.