Exam 5 Struggles > Test Cheat sheet

Which nerve gives sensory from the bottom of foot?

Posterior tibial

Which nerve controls anterior arm muscles from lateral region?

Musculocutaneous

Which nerve gives sensory from dorsum of foot?

Common fibular

Which nerve controls thenar (thumb) muscles?

Median

Which nerve controls forarm extensors?

Radial

Which nerve controls intrinsic hand muscles?

Ulnar

Which nerve controls anterior thigh muscles?

Femoral

Which nerve controls medial thigh muscles?

Obturator

Sciatic nerve is a combination of what 2 nerves?

Tibial and Common Fibular

CN I

Olfactory

CN II

Optic

CN III

Oculomotor

CN IV

Trochlear

CN V

Trigeminal

CN VI

Abducens

CN VII

Facial

CN VIII

Vestibulocochlear

CN IX

Glossopharyngeal

CN X

Vagus

CN XI

Accessory

CN XII

Hypoglossal

What is the only function of the olfactory nerve I?

Smell

Damage to the optic nerve II would cause loss of which sense?

Vision

What Cranial nerve controls pupil constriction?

Oculomotor (III)

Which nerve elevates the eyelid and moves the eyeball in most directions?

Oculomotor (III)

Which nerve moves the eye down laterally using superior oblique muscle?

Trochlear (IV)

Which nerve provides touch temp pain sensation from front 2/3 of tongue?

Trigeminal (V)

Which nerve controls muscles of mastication?

Trigiminal (V)

Which cranial nerve moves the eye using lateral rectus muscle?

Abducens (VI)

Which nerve provides taste from front 2/3 of the tongue?

Facial (VII)

Which nerve controls facial expression muscles?

Facial (VII)

Which nerve stimulates lacrimal and salivary glands (except parotid) ?

Facial (VII)

Which nerve is responsible for hearing and balance?

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

Which nerve provides taste from back 1/3 of tongue?

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Which nerve controls the parotid salivary gland?

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Which cranial nerve has the most extensive visceral sensory function?

Vagus (X)

Which nerve controls most pharynx muscles and all larynx muscles?

Vagus (X)

Which nerve provides parasympathetic control to thoracic and abdominal organs?

Vagus (X)

Which nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?

Accessory (XI)

Which nerve controls tongue movement for speech and swallowing?

Hypoglossal (XII)

Which root carries all sensory information into the spinal cord?

Posterior Root

Which root carries all motor signals out of the spinal cord?

Anterior root

Somatic sensory Neurons ( touch, pain, proprioception) enter through which structure?

Posterior Root

Visceral sensory neurons travel through which structure?

Posterior Root

Where are motor neuron cell bodies for SKELETAL MUSCLE located?

Anterior Horn

Where are motor neuron cell bodies for VISCERAL organs located?

Lateral Horn

What contains ONLY sensory cell bodies?

Somatic + Visceral Sensory

Receptors ( somatic or visceral) send information to which FIRST Structure?

Posterior Horn

Which horn controls effector like cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands?

Lateral Horn

What is the pathway for taste (gustation) ?

Taste cells > Facial Nerve VII & glossopharyngeal nerve IX > Brain stem > thalamus > insular lobe cortex

What is the pathway for vision?

Retina > Optic nerve II > Optic Chiasm > Optic tract > Thalamus > Occipital lobe cortex

what is the pathway for hearing?

Cochlear duct > Vestibulocochlear nerve VIII > Brain stem > Thalamus > Temporal lobe

What is the pathway for smell?

Nasal cavity > olfactory nerve I > olfactory bulb > Olfactory tract > Temporal lobe cortex

Dura mater

thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord

Pia matter

shiny clear layer

What is the circled portion named?

Third Ventricle

Hypothalumus

control center for recognition and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature

Thalamus

relays messages between lower brain centers and cerebral cortex

medulla oblongata

the posterior part of the brainstem=

how many ventricles are there?

4

Cauda equina

collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

Epidural Space

space between the dura mater and the wall of the vertebral canal (A)

Gray matter in the spinal cord contains various cell bodies of what?

NUCLEI

Musculocutaneous Nerve

median nerve

Nerve, smaller than the ulnar and radial nerves, that supplies the arm and hand. (#7)

radial nerve

Nerve that runs along the thumb side of the arm and the back of the hand (#11 has a little axillary nerve coming off of it)

ulnar nerve

affects the pinky side of the arm and palm of the hand. (#12 kinda connected to median nerve )

What layer is shown and what does it include?

Fibrous tunic layer > contains Sclera and cornea

What layer is shown and what does it include? (#4)

Vascular tunic layer > contains iris, ciliary body, and choroid

What layer is shown and what does it include?

Retina layer> Pigmented layer and neutral layer

conjunctiva

mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior portion of the sclera

what does the picture circled show ?

Optic Disk

Which cavity of the eye is filled with aqueous humor?

Anterior Cavity

Which cavity is filled with vitreous humor?

Posterior cavity

In the semicircular ducts what is being identified in the picture?

Endolymph

In the semicircular ducts what is being identified in the picture?

Perilymph

In the cochlea what is being identified in the picture?

Perilymph

In the cochlea what is being identified in the picture?

Endolymph

What is being identified in the picture, located in the membranous Labyrinth?

Utricle

What is being identified in the picture, located in the membranous Labyrinth?

Saccule

What is being identified in this membranous labyrinth layer?

Oval Window

What is being identified in this membranous labyrinth layer?

Round Window

Which are the anterior lobe pituitary hormones?

Growth hormone (GH), Prolactin (PRL), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Lutenizing hormone (LH)

Which are the posterior lobe pituitary hormones?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and Oxytocin (OT)

What hormone is indicated by the picture?

Parathyroid glands ( they make parathyroid hormones)

What hormones does the adrenal cortex make?

Corticosteroids > (Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and gonadocorticoids)

What hormones does the adrenal medulla make?

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Identify this Almost top layer of the adrenal cortex.

Zona glomerulosa > Mineralcorticoids are here

Identify this large middle layer of the adrenal cortex.

Zona Fasciculata >Glucocorticoids are here

Identify this Almost bottom layer of the adrenal cortex.

Zona Reticularis > Androgens are here

Identify this bottom layer of the adrenal cortex (D) and what hormones are found there?

Adrenal medulla > stress hormones are found here

What group of secretory cells make hormones in the pancreas?

Islets

What do alpha cells make?

Glucagon > raises blood sugar

What do beta cells make?

Insulin > Lowers blood sugar

What hormones are in the kidney?

Erythropoietin and Calcitriol

Which 2 cranial nerves are involved in taste?

CN IX and VII