CNA - Topics 10, 11, 12 - Body Systems

Cardiovascular/Circulatory System

Heart, arteries, RBC

• CHF, blood pressure, cardiac arrest, diet

What are the pulse sites?

Brachial, carotoid, radial

CHF

Congestive heart failure - too much fluid

• Dyspnea, polyuria, falls, skin opening

• use ted hose/antiembolic/elastic stocking

• fowler’s position

• need potassium

Cardiac arrest

heart stops beating

Angina

pain heat, mimics heart attack, comes and goes

HTN

High blood pressure

Endocrine system

hormones

What is the #1 hormone

insulin

• low insulin = hyperglycemia

S/S diabetic

thirty, hunger, increased bathroom usage

• no sugar diet

• pancreas

Improper foot care may lead to

amputation → prosthetic → artificial leg

Integumentary system

skin

• largest organ

What are signs of the normal aging process

wrinkles, gray hair, dry skin, skin shearing, skin breakdown, decubitus/pressure ulcers, brittle bones

Decubitis

Pressure ulcers/bed sores

How to maintain a healthy integumentary system?

diet = protein

look for 1st signs = redness

• must use lift/draw sheet, clean + pat dry, apply lotion, bathe no more than 1-2 times a week

Nervous system

brain, nerves, spinal cord

what diseases are associated with the nervous system

• seizures

• parkinsons

• Alzheimer’s

• multiple sclerosis

What are symptoms of nervous system disorder

• slow reflexes

• decreased sense of smell, sight, hearing (last)

How to treat symptoms of Parkinson’s

tremors = hot liquids, plate guard, built utensils

What are the symptoms of Alzheimer’s? How to treat symptoms of Alzheimer’s?

Forgetfulness, wandering, repeating same thing over and over (perseverance), forget ADL

• maintain a consistent routine

• validate

• perseverance

• unhurried schedule

What do you do if resident is having a seizures

time, move to lateral position, move objects out of the way, nothing in mouth

• petit (under 5 min)

• grand mal (over 5 min)

• resident will be sleepy after

Urinary system

urine, uria, catheter, urinary bag, measure urine output

• UTI

• incontinence (can’t go to the bathroom)

How often do you change briefs?

every 2 hours

Polyuria

too much urineo

oliguria

not enough urine

dysuria

difficulty urinating

nocturia

urination at night

hematuria

blood in urine

auria

no urine

What organs consist of the urinary system?

• kidney - filters blood

• ureter - tube for urine

• bladder - stores urine

• urethra - opening of ureter

BPH

Benign prostatic hypertrophy - a prostate issue where muscles in prostate increase

• males only

• polyuria, nocturia, dysuria

What is the respiratory system? What diseases are associated with it

lunges

• Bronchi/emphysema (COPD)

COPD/Pneumo treatment

• put in fowler’s position

• sputum specimen

• inspiration + expiration = one breath

COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

• includes emphysema and bronchitis

Emphysema

smoking, need oxygen at all times

• barrel/pigeon chest, out of breath

bronchitis

infection of the lung

• sputum = rust color

Reproductive system

labia

• UTI

prostate

• BPH

• Impotence

Impotence

No erection

What is the digestive system? What conditions are associated with it?

starts in the mouth, stomach, esophagus, gallbladder, colon, ileum, intestines

• fecal impaction (watery stool)

• constipation (need fluids)

nasogastric tube

tube from nose to stomach

What is the Immune system? what conditions are associated with it

fights infection. WBC.

• cancer = frequent rest periods

What is the musculoskeletal system? what conditions are associated with it

muscles, bones, tendons

• osteoporosis (weak and shrinking bones, need high calcium)

What is the #1 injury? How do you manage it?

hip fracture

• use log roll

What can pneumonia lead to?

immobility, skin breakdown, avoid wet skin