Penny Chapter 12 - Definitions

branchial cleft cysts

benign congenital neck cysts found most often near the angle of the mandible

cervical lymphadenopathy

enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes

cold nodules

the hypo-functioning thyroid nodules seen on a nuclear medicine study that have malignant potential

colloid

the fluid produced by the thyroid that contain thyroid hormones

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

dyspnea

difficultly breathing

exophthalmos

bulging eyes

fibromatosis colli

a rare, pediatric fibrous tumor located within the sternocleidomastoid

goiter

an enlarged, hyperplastic thyroid gland

graves’ disease

the most common cause of hyperthyroidism that produces bulging eyes, heat intolerance, nervousness, weight loss, and hair loss

hashimoto’s thyroiditis

the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the US

hot nodules

the hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules seen on nuclear medicine study that are almost always benign

hypercalcemia

elevated serum calcium

hyperthyroidism

a condition that results from the overproduction of thyroid hormones

hypothyroidism

the condition that results from the underproduction of thyroid hormones

lymphangioma

pediatric neck mass that consists of lymphatic fluid secondary to the blockage of lymphatic channels - may also be referred to as a cystic hygroma and may occur in other regions of the body where lymphatic tissue exists

menorrhagia

abnormally heavy and prolonged menstruation

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

the most common malignancy of the salivary glands - typically starts in the parotid gland

oligomenorhea

infrequent or light menstrual periods

papillary carcinoma

the most common form of thyroid cancer

pleomorphic adenoma

benign and most frequent tumor of the salivary glands - most commonly seen in the parotid glands

pretibial myxedema

clinical finding associated with graves’ disease in which there is thickening of the skin and edema on the anterior legs

psammoma bodies

round, punctate calcific deposits

punctate

marked with dots

pyramidal lobe

a normal variant of the thyroid gland in which there is a superior extension of the isthmus

saliva

fluid produced by the salivary glands that aids in digestion

scintigraphy (thyroid)

nuclear medicine study in which a radio pharmaceutical is used to examine the thyroid

sialadentits

inflammation of the salivary gland or glands

sialadenosis

benign, painless enlargement of a salivary gland or glands

sialolithiasis

salivary duct stones

sjogren syndrome

an autoimmune disease that affects all glands that produces moisture, leading to dysfunction of the salivary glands and severe dryness of the eyes, nose, skin and mouth

stensen duct

the main duct of the parotid gland

thryoglossal duct

the embryonic duct that stretches the base of the tongue to the mid portion of the anterior neck

thyroglossal duct cysts

benign congenitial cysts located within the midline of the neck superior to the thyroid gland and near the hyoid bone

thyroid inferno

sonographic appearance of the hypervascularity demonstrated with color doppler imaging of the thyroid gland

thyroidectomy

surgical removal of the thyroid or part of the thyroid gland

torticollis

twisted neck

wharton duct

the duct that drains the submandibular gland