Reproductive Processes in Biology

How do tapetal cells become binucleate

Tapetal cells undergo endomitosis where karyokinesis occurs without cytokinesis to produce two nuclei, resulting in a binucleate structure.

Which of the following structure is not associated with ovule?

Integument, micropyle, funiculus, or pollen chamber

Endosperm development in angiosperms?

Endosperm development in angiosperms occurs through a process called double fertilization, where one sperm fertilizes the egg to form the zygote and another sperm fuses with two polar nuclei to form the triploid endosperm, which nourishes the developing embryo.

Milky water of green coconut is

the liquid endosperm that provides nutrients for the developing seed.

Seeds of dicots have no residual endosperm as

the endosperm is absorbed by the cotyledons during seed development.

Double fertilisation was discovered in 1898 in lilum and frittilaria by

a scientist named Eduard Strasburger. He observed the process in these plants, leading to a greater understanding of seed development in angiosperms.

In an embryo sac the cells that degenerate after fertilisation are

the antipodal cells and synergids.

Even in the absence of pollinating agents, seed setting is assured in

Commelina

Ploidy of PEN

3n

Difference b/w monoecious and diecious

Monoecious plants have both male and female reproductive structures on the same individual, while dioecious plants have distinct male and female individuals.