A&P 2(Stephens Test 3)

Which fluid does lymph most closely resemble

interstitial fluid

lymphatic capillaries

Originate as close-ended tubes associated with blood capillary networks

The force that drives fluid into lymphatic capillaries is

hydrostatic pressure

Lymphatic vessels most closely resemble which vessels from the cardiovascular system

veins

The most common cell making up the alveolar wall is the

alveolar type I cell

Which of the following are components of innate immunity?

granulocytes and monocytes (A&B)

Which of the following are produced in the skeletal system, reside in the lymphatic system and are components of the immune system, and also associated with the cardiovascular system?

lymphocytes

T-lymphocyte

cell-mediated immunity

B-lymphocyte

Humoral immunity

Macrophage

Big eater

Eosinophil

Granulocyte

The lymphatic system is primarily integrated with what other body system?

Immune System

Lymphatic ducts deposit lymph into ____ veins (below the clavicle) at the point where they converge with the internal jugular veins where they become _____ veins that converge to form the superior vena cava

Subclavian; brachiocephalic

All nucleated body cells use MHC Class 1 proteins to display what antigen?

self antigen and viral antigen (A&B)

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are used by APC's. Additionally, all nucleated body cells use this mechanism to present a "signature" on their surface that allows your immune system to recognize "you" vs "not you" what does the A in APC stand for?

antigen

______ mature in the thymus

T-lymphocytes

Alveolar Type II cells produce a ____ that prevents the alveolar sacs from sticking together during expiration or collapse

surfactant

This structure is a portal to the interior of an organ through which blood supply, innervation and other accessories will pass. We have noted this structure in lymph nodes, lungs, and kidneys

hilum

which of the following contains vocal folds?

larynx

The respiratory zone is specifically represented by what anatomical structures?

alveoli

The ____ coefficient describes the volume of gas that dissolves in a specific volume liquid at a given temperature and pressure

solubility

Inspiration is achieved by ___ the diaphragm, which ____ the volume of the thoracic cavity

Contracting, increases

What parameter of respiratory physiology includes tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes?

vital capacity

Secondary and tertiary bronchi are also known by what names, respectively?

lobar and segmental

Which chemical is the most important stimulus that regulates breathing?

carbon dioxide

Gas is exchanged in what structure(s) of the respiratory system?

alveoli

When 2 or more respiratory volumes are combined (e.g. tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume) the result is referred to as what?

a capacity

Dimensional changes in the thoracic cavity during respiration (breathing) include which of the follwoing?

all of these

The right lung has 3 lobes and the left lung has two lobes

true

The presentation of MHC proteins to T-lymphocytes is a characteristic of which of the immune system?

adaptive immunity

A delayed response to a specific antigen is provided by

adaptive immunity

Nonspecific immunity is another name for

innate immunity

Which of the following lists the body's first, second, and third lines of defense in order?

external innate immunity, internal innate immunity, adaptive immunity

"Complement" refers to a group of

plasma proteins

The inflammatory respone includes a decrease in the permeability of capillaires to prevent excessive blood loss after injury

False

Chemotaxis is the process by which

cells migrate along chemical gradients

In terms of their chemical structure, cytokines are ____; their function is to serve as ____

proteins; chemical messengers

Organize the items listed into the proper sequence of event for gas exchange

O2 is drawn into the lungs during inhalation, O2 is transported to cells by circulatory system, cells use O2 and generate CO2, the circulatory system transports CO2 to the lungs, CO2 is exhaled

According to the Boyle's law, the pressure of gas ___ if the volume of its container increases

decreases

Air flows out of the body during expiration because

intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure

The amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inspiration is the

inspiratory reserve volume

The expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume equals the

functional residual capacity

Which of the following has the highest partial pressure of carbon dioxide?

the systemic cells

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the alveoli and blood in the lungs is called

external respiration

Compared to its partial pressure at sea level, what would be the partial pressure of oxygen at an altitude with an atmospheric pressure of only 380 mm Hg (recall that sea level atmospheric pressure is 760mm Hg)?

Po2 would be half as much as it would be at sea level

Fate of O2 following cellular respiration

H2O

Fate of sugar following cellular respiration

Co2

Additional atmospheric gas

N2

Carries O2 in the blood

Fe

Carbonic Acid

H2CO3

____ are the peptide hormones of the immune system

cytokines

which vessels represent the front of the lymphatic system?

capillaries

immediately prior to becoming lymph, how do we refer to this aqueous liquid?

interstitial fluid

what are the largest lymph vessels? what do they dump their contents into?

ducts, subclavian veins

what are the primary lymphatic structures?

red bone marrow and thymus

which of the following structures are part of your innate immune system?

granulocytes and monocytes

T-lymphocytes engage in which strategy to play their role in your immune system?

cell mediated

All nucleated body cells use MHC Class 1 proteins to display what antigen?

self antigen and viral antigen

which cells use MHC class 2 proteins?

APC's and dendritic cells

what is a discreet parameter of respiratory (lung) physiology?

volume

when you combine 2 or more of these we call this parameter a lung ___?

capacity

The most common cell making up the alveolar wall is the

alveolar type I cell

what does APC stand for?

antigen presenting cell