Exam 2: Ethics

Refers to the general rules of social and personal conduct and the practices that derive from those rules

morality

- right or wrong

• Based on strongly held beliefs or

fundamental values

• Personal and family values, cultural

traditions and religious beliefs

The branch of philosophy that examines morality in

a systematic way creating in the process norms and principles that evaluate and direct human conduct

ethics

moral dilema

A difficult decision in which either option results in violating one's moral principles.

t/f if something is legal it is ethical

false

a situation that one believes may bring moral challenges and require decision making

ethical issues

when we have two possible courses of action, and they conflict with one another

ethical dilemmas

balancing the needs of the organization with our professional standards may create a

ethical dilemma

when you know the right course of action but there are Barries that may prevent you from doing it

moral distress

ex: no. more insurance but they need services!! advocate

what are some common causes of moral distress?

• Confidentiality and disclosure

• Issues related to client decision-making capacity and participation

• Cultural, religious, and family considerations

• Conflicting values surrounding goals of care

• Difficult client behaviors

• Resource allocation and priorities in tx.

• Administrative Directives

- working with prisoners

policies or practice that may override clinical judgement (can cause distress):

1) productivity (cant see 20 pts but at the same time cannot leave them w/o care)

2) frequent changes of therapists, care by unlicensed personnel

3) inadequate supervision

4) D/C criteria

- may impact principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence

Provides aspirational Core Values that guide occupational therapy practitioners toward ethical courses of action in professional and volunteer roles.

AOTA code of ethics

Delineates Ethical Principles and enforceable

Standards of Conduct that apply to AOTA

members

AOTA code of ethics

demonstrating concern for the welfare of others

a) altruism

b) equality

c) freedom

d) justice

a) altruism

treating all people impartially and free of bias

a) altruism

b) equality

c) freedom

d) justice

b) equality

right to choose, values and desires of the client guide our interventions

a) altruism

b) equality

c) freedom

d) justice

c) freedom

inclusion, addressing inequities that impact participation

a) altruism

b) equality

c) freedom

d) justice

d) justice

preservation of the individuality and treating with respect

a) altruism

b) dignity

c) truth

d) prudence

b) dignity

providing accurate information in all forms

a) altruism

b) dignity

c) truth

d) prudence

c) truth

use of clinical and ethical reasoning, good judgement, and reflection to make decision in practice

a) altruism

b) dignity

c) truth

d) prudence

d) prudence

Ensuring that the treatment being provided is

safe and helpful to the client

a) beneficence

b) nonmaleficence

c) autonomy

d) justice

e) veracity

f) fidelity

beneficence

The principle of no harm and reasonable risk

a) beneficence

b) nonmaleficence

c) autonomy

d) justice

e) veracity

f) fidelity

b) nonmaleficence

Treatment must align with clients' wants and preferences

a) beneficence

b) nonmaleficence

c) autonomy

d) justice

e) veracity

f) fidelity

Autonomy:

Nondiscriminatory provision of occupational

therapy services and adherence to regulations

a) beneficence

b) nonmaleficence

c) autonomy

d) justice

e) veracity

f) fidelity

Justice

Practitioners have a duty to be truthful in communication with clients

a) beneficence

b) nonmaleficence

c) autonomy

d) justice

e) veracity

f) fidelity

e) veracity

Respectful treatment of clients that is equal and unbiased

a) beneficence

b) nonmaleficence

c) autonomy

d) justice

e) veracity

f) fidelity

Fidelity:

fairness to access healthcare

a) beneficence

b) nonmaleficence

c) autonomy

d) justice

e) veracity

f) fidelity

justice

tell the pt the correct information and elicit consent

a) beneficence

b) nonmaleficence

c) autonomy

d) justice

e) veracity

f) fidelity

veracity

regulatory agencies

1) AOTA

2) NBCOT

3) state regulatory boards

What factors affect an occupational therapy manager's

decision making when it comes to hosting fieldwork

students?

a. Staffing

b. Organizational and payer requirements

c. Academic institutions

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following statutes prohibits an FWEd's inappropriate sharing of information about student performance?

a. ADA

b. HIPAA

c. FERPA

d. IDEA

c. FERPA

An FWEd approaches her facility manager and explains that a current Level II fieldwork student's poor performance may be due to a suspected learning disability. Neither the student nor the academic institution informed the facility that this student has a disability. The FWEd

feels she can better support the student if the student reveals her condition so that accommodations can be implemented and asks the manager for assistance. Which of the following represents the manager's most ethically sound course of action?

a. Ask the student if she has a learning disability

b. Discuss her concerns with the academic insti tution,

and ask for confirmation of the student's diagnosis

c. Instruct the FWEd to implement accommodations to

facilitate the student's successful performance

d. Do nothing until the student discloses that she has a

learning disability

d. Do nothing until the student discloses that she has a

learning disability

Samma is a Level II fieldwork student. Samma's performance has

been outstanding, and clients and staff alike would like her to work at Happy Valley after she becomes licensed to practice. Upon arriving at Happy Valley on a Monday, Jalen (the occupational therapy manager) approaches Samma and explains that 2 of the 3 staff occupational therapy practitioners (Blaine and J. P., Samma's FWEd) have serious cases of flu and are unable to work the rest of the week. Jalen asks Samma to treat all of her own clients and pick up all of J. P.'s and half of Blaine's

caseload. Jalen's request is

a. Ethically sound because the facility residents will

receive care.

b. Unethical because Samma is not qualified to meet

staff expectations.

c. Ethically sound because Samma has demonstrated

competence.

d. Unethical because the caseload is too high to provide

quality treatments for all.

b. Unethical because Samma is not qualified to meet

staff expectations.

The doctrine of respondeat superior refers to

a. A supervisor's responsibility for acts of subordinate

workers

b. An expert witness

c. A defective product, such as a splint, fabricated by a

superior or a supervisor

d. The standard of care

a. A supervisor's responsibility for acts of subordinate

workers

Mrs. Washington has lack of sensation in her right hand accompanied by stiff joints. José, the treating OT, decides to put a hot pack on Mrs. Washington to alleviate the stiffness in her joints. Because of the lack of sensation, Mrs. Washington is unable to report pain from the hot pack, and she sustains severe burns on her hand. This intervention is not one that any occupational practitioner following professional standards of care would use. Since José's conduct falls below the standard of care for occupational therapy practice, it is called

a. Negligence

b. Malpractice

c. Duty

d. Battery

a. Negligence

An occupational therapy practitioner walks into a room

in a long-term care facility to treat a client and hears the

certified nursing assistant tell the other patient in the

room that if she doesn't get out of bed and get dressed im-

mediately, she will "get her up herself and it won't be fun."

Verbal threats to a patient like this are considered

a. Battery

b. Assault

c. Negligence

d. Malpractice

b. Assault

Carly's client, Mrs. Salter, is being discharged from rehab next week. Carly does a home assessment and documents that Mrs. Salter will need training in transferring to a bath bench from her wheelchair with an approach to the left. Mrs. Salter is discharged and falls in the bathroom attempting the transfer in her home. Mrs. Salter hires an attorney who requests the medical record. Upon review of the medical record, no notes are found that show that Carly worked on transfers to a bath

bench from a wheelchair with an approach to the left. Mrs. Salter sues Carly for malpractice. Carly insists she worked with Mrs. Salter on the transfers. This situation an example of what legal principles?

a. If you didn't document it, it didn't happen.

b. The medical record is a legal document.

c. Documentation can protect you from malpractice if

you document properly.

d. All of the above

d

Which of the following are valid ways to prevent

malpractice:

a. Be nice to patients.

b. Document everything.

c. Never change anything in your documentation after

the fact.

d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

3. Which of the following are simple steps that can help

avoid malpractice?

a. Make sure you have clear communication with your

clients.

b. Stay current with your occupational therapy knowledge.

c. Practice within the boundaries of your state's

practice act.

d. All of the above.

d