History study guide People

Toussaint Louverture

During Haitian Revolution (1791-1804): gave a common enemy (the powerful whites) and common goal - equality and liberty. Haitian general born into slavery - led other enslaved people in the revolution. 

Napoleon Bonaparte

(1802). He wanted to restore the French empire (as king of france) - so re-establish slavery to help make Saint Domingue profitable again after Louveture ended it. Launched a massive military invasion but French lost.

Jean Jacques Dessalines

Became a new leader when Louverture was captured. Led final wave of independance in 1804. He gives the enslaved people a sense of strength and confidence, Told them that they could win, and make France be scared, as they were basically invincible together.

Rafael Trujillo

(1930s) Dictator in dominican republic - he led the white washing of the country to distance from Haiti.

Henry Louis Gates

Did the Island Divided video - big historian and likes looking into black people/things.

Rudyard Kipling

Wrote a white mans Burden

Leopold II

King of Belgium known for his harsh control of the Congo Free State (one with the limbs being cut off). Present at Berlin Conference.

Simon Bolivar

very powerful south african leader. Inspired by american revolution - he rejected slavery and hoped for it to be abolished in Americas too. Wanted to unite all of south america into one nation - though didnt acheive that, he helped establish different countries in SA

Queen Lili’oukalani

last queen of hawaii before she was overthrown. She worked to improve native hawaiians rights, trying to replace the bayonett consitution (which limited Native Hawaiian voting rights and reduced the monarchs power. Founded banks for women and girls education.

Otto Van Bismarck

used nationalism and military to rally german states during the franco-prussian war (prussia = pre-germany)

ArchDuke Franz Ferdinand

His assasination sparked WWI. He was killed by serbian rebels which made Austria-Hungary declare war on Serbia, which set off a chain reaction with alliances.

Sharif Hussein

Leader of the Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule during WWI. He sought independence for Arab territories, but was betrayed as France and Britian had the secret Sykes-Picot agreement. He never got his dream of unified Arab states and refused Treaty of Versailles.

Woodrow Wilson

President that entered the US into WWI. Said the world wasn’t safe and that it must be done to protect democracy and stop Germany from being a sole power. It wasn’t just for peace anymore, it was for liberation of everyone. Wanted his fourteen points (mostly about freedom) and League of Nations at Versaille.

Georges Clemenceau

Served as French Prime Minister during second half of WWI. He was a very war-focused leader and used brute force to fight despite France’s tiredness. Advocated for harsher punishments for Germany in Versaille.

Vittorio Orlando

Served as prime minister for Italy during Versaille. Really wanted to get the lands promised to Italy before the war but was never given it. Left dissapointed.

David Lloyd George

British prime minister at Versaille. He wanted to punish Germany and secure British interests, but privately viewed the Treaty of Versailles as too harsh.

Czar Nicholas II

He was Russian Czar during WWI. He took control of army so failures were on him - when they began to lose, economy faced food shortages and demonstrations occured nearly everyday. His rule was inflexible and stifled progress. Overthrown by the public/Duma. Last king for Russia.

Czarina Alexandra

Empress of Russia. Was in charge of Czar’s responsibilities when he went to command troops during WWI. Said to be controlled/corrupt and controlled by Rasputin.

Vladimir Lenin

Led the second revolution in Russia to overthrow Duma - led communists/Bolsheviks. Had support from peasants, urban workers, and soldiers. Renamed Russia to USSR.

Praskovia Ivanovskaia

Russian revolutionist who fought against the royal family. Had a assisnation against someone. Went by brute force.

Rasputin

He was said to help heal the Czar's son’s health. But people believed he was taking control of the government, so group of young aristocrats killed him. Rumored that Czarina Alexandra, who was put in charge of the Czar’s responsibilities when he went to command troops during WWI, was heavily under Rasputin’s control.

Joseph Stalin.

Led agricultural collectiviation. Leader of USSR from 1924-1953. Had a 5 year plan to industrialize, and initiated cold war.

Benito Mussolini

Appointed dictator in Italy. Brutual and created blueprint for dictatorships like Hitler.

Adolf Hitler

Rose to power and was leader of Nazi power.

Francisco Franco

A fascist leader in spain who wanted to take over the government so the fascists took over half of spain in Spanish Civil War. They (Nationalists) won.

Winston Churchill

British prime minister (1940-1945). Responded well to Blitz bombing/inspirational and rallied Britian against the Nazi’s.

Harry Truman

President during WWII. Authorized final nuclear bombing. Present at Potsdam Conference, Made Truman Doctrine, and helped with the Marshall Plan.

Narcisa Claveria

Apart of the Comfort Women when the Japanese invaded Philipenes.

Joseph Stalin

Soviet Dictator during WWII. Signed the non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany in 1939, angering western allies. In Yalta/Potsdam conference he agreed to free elections but later broke promises installing communist puppet governents as a buffer zone.

Winston Churchill

British Prime Minister during WWII. Attended both the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences (replaced mid-way through Potsdam after losing an election). He was skeptical that Stalin would honor the Yalta agreements. Coined the term "Iron Curtain" to describe the growing ideological and geographic divide between communist Eastern Europe and the Democratic West

Harry Truman

US President who replaced Roosevelt and attended the Potsdam Conference. He introduced the Truman Doctrine (1947), declaring the US would support free peoples resisting communism, and adopted the Containment Policy as the main Cold War foreign policy strategy. He also oversaw the Marshall Plan and the Berlin Airlift. He made the decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan to end WWII.

Mao Zedong

Communist leader of China mainly supported by Rurual peasants. Promoted literacy and land reform, fought off Japanese, and won chinese civil war in 1949, founding peoples republic of china. He later launched the disasterous great leap forward/cultural revolution.

Jiang Jieshi

Nationalist leader supported mainly by urban populations and heavily funded by the US. Corruption weakened his support and after losing civil war, him and nationalists fled to Taiwain.