ANS 214L - PRACTICAL #2 (ISU)

short bone

a bone that is cubicle in shape is this type of bone

axial skeleton

this subdivision of the endoskeleton consists of the bones of the skull, ribs (costae), vertebrae, and sternum

seven

the number of cervical vertebrae in a cow, dog and human

periosteum

membrane covering the outer surface of the bone composed of connective tissue

scapula

an example of an atypical flat bone

diploe

another name for spongy bone

insertion

the end of the muscle that is attached to a mobile section of bone

pygostyle

the bone at the tail of an avian

patella

the bone of the knee cap

rectum

responsible for formation of characteristic shape of fecal droppings

anus

external opening of digestive tract

rumination

this cycle has four steps that assist with breaking down feed in ruminant animals

abomasum

HCl, pepsinogen, intrinsic factor produced here

regurgitation

returning initially chewed food to the mouth after it has been initially chewed and swallowed

esophagus

transports food and drink from the pharynx to the stomach by peristalsis

redeglutition

re-swallowing the feed

greater omentum

where leukocyte production occurs

procarboxypeptidase

one of the enzymes produced by the pancreas

reinsalvation

soaking the regurgitated food with saliva

rugae

longitudinal wrinkles of the stomach

ileum

absorption of bile salts, water, electrolytes, and vitamin B12 occur here

heart atria

natriuretic hormone is secreted by this

renal tubule

part of the nephron that includes the loop of henle and converts filtrate into urine

minute

glomerular filtration rate is the filtrate produced by both kidneys in this amount of time

aldosterone

this hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex and increases sodium retention by the kidney

acid base

one function of the urinary system is to regulate the what balance

lobulated

cattle and birds have kidneys of this shape

renal pelvis

funnel shaped opening in the kidney that initially receives urine

esophagus

passageway for feedstuffs from mouth to crop and from crop to proventriculus

larynx

allows passage of air from oropharynx into trachea

small intestine

produces enterokinase, aminopeptidase, maltase, isomaltase, and sucrase

infundibular cleft

cleft that is common opening of Eustachian tubes

hyoid apparatus

complex of cartilage and bone that strengthens and supports the tongue

liver

processes nutrients and produces bile

hepatic portal system

collects nutrients absorbed from digestive tract to transport directly to liver

gizzard

another name for the ventriculus

liver

stores bile

spleen

functions in lymphocyte production as part of immune system

laryngeal cleft

cleft that is opening into larynx

prehension

the function of the beak

ureter

transports urine from kidney to cloaca

pancreas

produces chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase

palatine

passage between oral and nasal cavities

meckel's diverticulum

yolk stalk remnant that functions in lymphocyte production

bursa of fabricius

produces B-lymphocytes

cloaca

juncture of ureters, colon, and reproductive systems in birds

oropharynx

combined oral and pharyngeal space

ileum

absorption of bile salts, water, electrolytes and vitamin B12 (avian)

stigma line

site of ovulation

epididymis

functions to increase sperm motility and increase sperm fertilizing capacity

vas deferens

functions in sperm storage and sperm maturation

follicles

reproductive gametes of the female

oviposition

laying the egg

utero-vaginal juncture

provides a storage area for sperm after copulation until oviposition occurs

albumen

egg white

cloaca

where the large intestine, uterus, and reproductive system meet in an avian

magnum

secretes the albumen protein

isthmus

where the two shell membranes are deposited

uterus

where egg takes up about 15 grams of water

vagina

rotates egg from pointed end down to round end down

rete testes

carries sperm out of the seminiferous tubules into the head of the epididymis

ampulla

muscular widening of vas deferens that speeds up ejacualtion

seminiferous tubules

where sperm production occurs

tunica dartos muscle

a temperature regulating mechanism located within the scrotum

leydig cells

produce testosterone

cremaster muscle

pulls the testes closer to the body when cold

bulbourethral gland

one of the accessory glands

sertoli cells

forms blood-testis barrier around each seminiferous tubule

pampiniform plexus

a counter-current heat exchanger in the testes

zonary

placental attachment type found in dogs and cats

diffuse

placental attachment type found in pigs and horses

bicorunate

uterine type with large to moderate horns and small to moderate body

corpus hemorrhagicum

first ovarian structure produced after ovulation

lubrication

one function of the cervix

myometrium

middle layer of the uterus

placentome

formed by cotelydon and caruncle

graafian follicle

a mature follicle that will ovulate

vulva

female external genetalia

ovary

forms the ova and synthesizes progesterone and estrogen

corpus albicans

a white scar on the ovary

corpus luteum

maintained during pregnancy and produces progesterone

alveolas

hollow ball of cells that forms and secretes milk in a lactating female

subcutaneous abdominal vein

one of the blood return pathways to the heart

teat cistern

collects milk from the gland cistern prior to excretion

medial suspensory ligament

provides the primary support for the udder

collecting ducts

transports milk from alveoli to gland cistern

myoepithelial cells

contractile cells that surround the alveolus

lobule

a small group of alveoli in the udder

apocrine gland

a gland that loses part of the cell during secretion

gland cistern

the largest storage area of the mammary gland

pudic arteries

the main blood supply to the udder

iliac arteries

these vessels lead to the pudic arteries

long bone, short bone, flat bone, irregular bone, pneumatic bone

name the 5 morphological classifications of bone

fibula

long bone

sesamoid (patella)

short bone

costae

flat bone

vertebral column

irregular bone

skull

pneumatic bone

axial, appendicular, heterotrophic

what are the three subdivisions of the skeletal system

costae (skeletal)

axial skeleton