Chapter 5: Lexical Relations

Flashcards covering key concepts, relationships, and definitions related to lexical relations as discussed in Chapter 5.

Lexical Fields

Categories of words that share a common semantic feature.

Hyponym

A word that is more specific than a general term, such as 'Collie' being a hyponym of 'dog'.

Superordinate

A general term that encompasses more specific items, like 'dog' encompassing 'Collie'.

Synonyms

Words that have the same or similar meanings, such as 'big' and 'large'.

Antonyms

Words that have opposite meanings, such as 'old' and 'young'.

Binary Antonyms

Antonyms that have two clear opposing states, like 'hot' and 'cold'.

Non-Binary Antonyms

Antonyms that exist on a scale with intermediate stages, such as 'tall' and 'short'.

Converse Antonyms

Pairs of terms where the existence of one implies the existence of the other, such as 'parent' and 'child'.

Entailment

A relationship where if one proposition is true, another must also be true.

Paraphrase

A relationship between two propositions where each entails the other; they share the same truth value.

Contradiction

A relationship where if one proposition is true, the other must be false.

Componential Analysis

A method of defining words by identifying their semantic components.

Folk Taxonomy

Classification systems used in everyday language that may differ from scientific classifications.

Truth-Conditional Semantics

A theory that studies meaning based on the conditions under which propositions are true or false.

Expressions of Quantity

Terms such as 'all', 'some', 'few' that indicate the amount or degree of something.

Kinship Systems

Classification of relationships based on family ties, differing across cultures.

Semantic Field Theory

A framework for understanding how words relate to one another based on shared meanings and features.