BioPSYC - U1 Test

To view a select few neurons among other neurons, researchers use:

a) Golgi stain methodology

b) Cajal Stain methodology

c) Nissl stain methodology

d) Flurogold stain methodology

Golgi stain methodology

During development the hollow interior ofd the nervous system develops into:

a) Cavities called ventricles

b) The spinal cord

c) The corpus callosum

d) The temporal lobes

Cavities called ventricles

Embryonic stem cells are said to be ______, meaning these cells can potentially become any type of blood cell.

a) pluripotent

b) specialized

c) multipotent

d) polypotent

pluripotent

The French philosopher, Rene Descartes, believed that:

a) Animal spirits flowed through the brain to control behavior

b) The pineal gland was the seat of the soul

c) Nerves were hollow tubes

d) All of the above

All of the above

The story of Phineas Gage was important for the field of neuroscience because:

a) It supported the notion of localized function of the brain

b) It suggested that speech was localized to one area of the brain

c) It supported the notion of equipotentiality

d) It demonstrated that motor information from the left side of the body is controlled by the right side of the brain

It supported the notion of localized function of the brain

The proposition that specific functions are controlled by specific brain areas refer to:

a) Localization

b) Specific nerve control

c) Functionalism

d) Neuroscience

Localization

Which statement is true about cranial nerves?

a) Some are sensory only and some are motor only and some are both sensory and motor

b) They only carry sensory information

c) They only carry motor information

d) All of them carry both sensory and motor information

Some are sensory only and some are motor only and some are both sensory and motor

If a kitten is deprived of visual input early in life, it alters the ocular dominance columns of the visual cortex and it will fail to develop binocular vision. This is an example of:

a) Reorganization

b) Regeneration

c) Compensation

d) Reorientation

Reorganization

Two groups of rats were tested on how fast they could learn to run a maze. Group 1 was given enrichment (handled every day and had toys in the cage), while Group 2 had no enrichment. The result of enrichment on speed of learning the maze was most likely:

a) Facilitating: the group with enrichment learned the maze at a faster rate

b) Not effective: both groups learned the maze at the same rate

c) Inhibitory: the group with enrichment learned the maze at a slower rate

d) Dependent on the type of rat studied

Facilitating: the group with enrichment learned the maze at a faster rate

Who discovered that the ability to speak was localized in a specific location of the human brain?

a) Broca

b) Gage

c) Wernicke

d) Golgi

Broca

During which stage of the development of the central nervous system are radial glial cells active?

a) Migration

b) Proliferation

c) Cell Pruning

d) Circuit Formation

Migration

All of the following help to protect the brain except:

a) Nucleotides

b) Meninges

c) Pia mater

d) Cerebral spinal fluid

Nucleotides

The blood-brain barrier:

a) Prevents large molecules from entering the brain

b) Is an example of physical protection of the brain

c) Protects all parts of the brain from potentially toxic substances

d) Is only found in the spinal cord

Prevents large molecules from entering the brain

Which of these methods can be used to image cellular structures in three-dimensional detail?

a) Scanning electron microscopy

b) Proton beam microscopy

c) Electron microscopy

d) Scanning positron microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy

Stereotaxic procedures

a) Can be used to collect fluids form brain of animals to analyze for levels of neurotransmitters

b) Are often used in humans to locate brain damaged areas

c) Are procedures of choice if good spatial resolution is needed

d) Are procedures of choice if good temporal resolution is needed

Are procedures of choice if good spatial resolution is needed

If the EEG is measured repeatedly while a person is exposed to a discrete stimulus, a(n) ____ can be obtained.

a) evoked potential

b) electroencephalograph

c) elicited potential

d) induced potential

evoked potential

CSF in the spinal canal flows into and out of the:

a) Fourth ventricle

b) Cerebral aqueduct

c) Lateral ventricle

d) Blood-brain barrier

Fourth ventricle

The two cranial nerves often considered part of the brain are:

a) Olfactory and Optic

b) Gustatory and Olfactory

c) Gustatory and Optic

d) Optic and Somatic

Olfactory and Optic

A sudden increase in heart rate and respiration and decrease in digestion is most likely due to activation of the:

a) Sympathetic nervous system

b) Somatic nervous system

c) Parasympathetic nervous system

d) Central nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

The central nervous system consists of:

a) The brain and the spinal cord

b) The cranial nerves that enter and leave the underside of the brain

c) The spinal cord and the brain stem

d) All neurons in the body

The brain and the spinal cord

Neuroplasticity refers to the:

a) Ability of the neuron to be modified by experience

b) Ability of the growth cones to guide the developing neurons

c) Chemical components of the developing neuron

d) Proliferation of the healthy neurons

Ability of the neuron to be modified by experience

Which of the following is an example of Replacement (one of the 3 R’s of ethics of animal research)?

a) Using zebra fish to address an experimental question instead of rats

b) Providing analgesics prior to and after major surgery

c) Using the same control group for more than one study

d) Making sure the animals are healthy before conducing the experiment

Using zebra fish to address an experimental question instead of rats

Relative to the nose of a mouse, the tail is:

a) Anterior

b) Posterior

c) Caudal

d) B and C

B and C

The hindbrain or primitive brain does not include:

a) Limbic system

b) Cerebellum

c) Reticular formation

d) Pons

Limbic system

Which of the following is rich in dopaminergic cells?

a) Substania nigra

b) Inferior colliculus

c) Pineal gland

d) Medulla

Substania nigra

The lobe of the cortex that processes visual information is:

a) The occipital lobe

b) The temporal lobe

c) The parietal lobe

d) The frontal lobe

The occipital lobe

Immunocytochemistry techniques exploit the ability of antibodies to carry a dye to specific to:

a) Receptors

b) Neurotransmitters

c) Enzymes

d) All of the above

All of the above

Apoptosis is

a) an example of passive cell death

b) a chemical that when released enhances neuron survival

c) considered a cleaner method to prune neurons

d) all of the above

considered a cleaner method to prune neurons

Myelination during development:

a) Starts at higher CNS structures and moves down

b) Begins before birth and continues into early adulthood

c) Is complete shortly before birth

d) A and B

Begins before birth and continues into early adulthood

Neurogenesis is:

a) The birth of new neurons

b) The cleaner method of cell death

c) Only occurs in the central nervous system of mammals

d) Is not found near damaged regions of Alzheimer’s patients’ brains

The birth of new neurons

The autonomic nervous system consists of:

a) The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system

b) The limbic system, the hindbrain, and the forebrain

c) The spinal cord and the brain

d) The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system

Neurons are helped to migrate to their destination by:

a) Radial glial cells

b) Robo3 expression

c) Growth cones

d) All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is NOT considered a functional task:

a) CAT

b) EKG

c) fMRI

d) EEG

CAT

All of the following cranial nerves are involved in vision except:

a) Glossopharyngeal

b) Optic

c) Abducens

d) Trochlear

Glossopharyngeal

Sensory receptors in the skin can sense the pain and heat if touching a handle of a hot pan. The information is sent to the spinal cord via:

a) The afferent neurons

b) The efferent neurons

c) The effector neurons

d) The actuator neurons

The afferent neurons

Which scientist used the Golgi stain to show support for the neuron doctrine and go on to win the Nobel Prize?

a) Ramon y Cajal

b) Golgi

c) Descartes

d) Gall

Ramon y Cajal

Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 R’s of the ethics of conducting research with animals?

a) Reuse

b) Refine

c) Reduce

d) Replace

Reuse

Karl Lashley interpreted the results of his studies as support for

a) Equipotentiality of the brain function

b) The role of the pineal gland as the seat of the soul

c) Localization of function in the brain

d) Hemispheric specialization

Equipotentiality of the brain function

The dense band of nerve fibers that connect left and right hemispheres are collectively known as the

a) Corpus callosum

b) Thalamus

c) Area postrema

d) Substania nigra

Corpus callosum

The parietal lobes are located:

a) Superior to the lateral fissure and between the central sulcus and the occipital lobe

b) Below the lateral fissure and behind the occipital lobe

c) In front of the lateral sulcus

d) Immediately below Broca’s area

Superior to the lateral fissure and between the central sulcus and the occipital lobe

The cerebellum:

a) Coordinates the speed and direction of body movements

b) Is difficult to distinguish visually in the human brain

c) Filters incoming sensory information

d) Monitors respiration

Coordinates the speed and direction of body movements

The midbrain includes:

a) The substantia nigra

b) The inferior colliculi

c) The superior colliculi

d) All of the above

All of the above

The diffuse network of neurons in the hindbrain that serve to alert and arouse higher brain areas is known as the:

a) Reticular formation

b) Tectum

c) Substantia nigra

d) Somatic nervous system

Reticular formation

The ganglia in the parasympathetic nervous system are ____ and respond ____.

a) not connected, independently

b) interconnected, as a unit

c) interconnected, independently

d) not connected, as a unit

interconnected, independently

Sleep is partially regulated by melatonin from the:

a) Pineal gland

b) Thalamus

c) Hypothalamus

d) Limbic system

Pineal gland

All of the following are true of the hindbrain except:

a) The medulla is a relay station for sensory information

b) There are nuclei for respiration and control of cardiovascular activity

c) The pons is a center involved in controlling sleep

d) The reticular formation runs through this area

The medulla is a relay station for sensory information

During development of the nervous system:

a) There is an overproduction of neurons, with many of these later dying

b) There is an underproduction of neurons, with extensive branching and neural growth a few weeks prior to birth

c) The growth of neurons is random and unpredictable

d) None of the above

There is an overproduction of neurons, with many of these later dying

The cerebral hemispheres are separated by:

a) Longitudinal fissure

b) Lateral fissure

c) Anterior commissure

d) Central sulcus

Longitudinal fissure

The skeletal muscles are most directly controlled by the ___ nervous system

a) somatic

b) autonomic

c) sympathetic

d) central

somatic

Which arrow points to the parietal lobes?

B

Which arrow points to the dorsal root ganglion?

A