theology final

What did the OT prophets predict that the Gospels claim Jesus fulfilled?

A descendant of David who would rule Israel and save humanity.

What does the Greek word pleroo mean and why does Matthew use it?

It means to fulfill an expectation, and Matthew uses it to show Jesus meets the OT's prophetic and moral demands.

What is Matthew's main point?

That Jesus' life and words fulfill the words of Israel's prophets.

What does Matthew 5:17 say and why does it matter?

Jesus says he came to fulfill the law and the prophets — it's his own claim to be the OT's fulfillment.

What is Mark's main point?

That Jesus preaches the evangelion — good news that God's kingdom is arriving under his rule, leading to eternal life.

What is Luke's main point?

That his chronological account allows Theophilus to verify the information he received about Jesus is reliable.

What is John's main point?

That Jesus is the Word made flesh — the only begotten Son of God — and believing in him grants eternal life.

What does John 1 say about the Word's role in creation?

The Word was with God from the beginning and all things were created through him — without him, nothing was made.

What is the theological difference between Matthew, Mark, Luke and John?

Matthew, Mark, and Luke concern Jesus' human means of persuading us; John concerns his divine power to grant us eternal life.

Why did John write his Gospel in addition to the other three?

To supplement them by explaining Jesus' divinity more clearly than they did.

How do we know Luke wrote Acts of the Apostles?

He addresses the same Theophilus and refers back to his Gospel as the first book.

What OT structure does Jesus re-establish through the apostles?

The 12 tribal leadership offices of Israel — one apostle per tribe, mirroring the structure Solomon established.

Why does Jesus replacing Judas with Matthias matter theologically?

It shows the apostolic offices are essential to Jesus' kingdom structure and must remain filled.

Why is Paul appointed as an apostle?

As Jesus' kingdom expands to include Gentiles, new apostles are appointed to govern new peoples.

What is a disciple in Acts?

An apprentice learning from a teacher — used in Acts to refer to Christians generally.

What is an apostle and what distinguishes them from a disciple?

One sent forth on a mission, specifically empowered by Jesus to heal and exorcise.

What is the core theological claim about Acts' relation to the OT?

Jesus' kingdom is not a break from OT Israel but its fulfillment — he rebuilds Israel's leadership structure inside his own kingdom.

What does Paul's imprisonment signify in Acts?

It is the final recorded event, suggesting Luke wrote Acts around the time of Paul's imprisonment by Rome.

What is the allegorical sense of scripture and where does Paul use it?

OT events foreshadow Christ's life — Paul uses it in Galatians 4, where Hagar and Ishmael equal the old covenant and Israel, and Sarah and Isaac equal the new covenant and Christians.

What is the moral sense of scripture and where does Paul use it?

OT events exemplify Christian practice — Paul uses it in 1 Corinthians 10, where Israel's Red Sea crossing equals Baptism and Israel's spiritual food equals the Eucharist.

What is the anagogical sense of scripture and where does Paul use it?

OT events foreshadow eternal life — Paul uses it in Hebrews 10, where the old covenant law is a shadow and Jesus' new covenant is the very image of future goods.

What does Paul mean when he says the OT law is a shadow in Hebrews 10?

The old covenant points toward future goods but cannot actually deliver them — only Jesus' new covenant can.

What does Paul mean by the letter kills but the spirit gives life?

The OT law identifies sin but cannot grant eternal life — only the Spirit through the new covenant can.

What is the main point of Paul's letter to the Romans?

Roman Christians should obey God because they are under grace — a gift from God enabling righteousness and eternal life.

What is the main point of Paul's letter to the Galatians?

Galatian Christians should reject anyone who contradicts the gospel, because the gospel comes directly from Christ.

What is the main point of the letter to the Hebrews?

We can receive eternal life because Jesus' death makes up for our faults through a new covenant God enables us to follow by grace.

What is the overall theme connecting all the apostolic letters to the OT?

The OT promised salvation through Israel's king — the letters teach that Jesus is that king, and faithfulness to him is the path to eternal life.

In Galatians 4, who does Paul say Abraham represents in his allegory?

Abraham represents God — the father figure whose two covenants produce two different peoples.

What OT genre does Revelation belong to and why does that matter?

Revelation belongs to the prophetic genre — just as OT prophets used symbolic language to predict Israel's future, Revelation uses symbolic language to predict the end of time.

What does the word apocalypse actually mean in Revelation's context?

A symbolic unveiling of what must soon take place — it is metaphorical, not a literal physical description.

What is the chain of transmission in Revelation 1:1-2?

God gives the revelation to Jesus, who sends it through an angel to John, who writes it for Christians.

What are the efficient and final causes of Revelation according to Revelation 1:1?

God is the efficient cause — he originates it; showing Christians what must take place is the final cause.

How does Revelation complete the OT prophetic tradition?

The OT prophets predicted a coming king symbolically — Revelation identifies that king as Jesus and reveals his ultimate victory at the end of time.

What is Revelation's bottom line message?

Believe in Jesus and receive eternal life, or reject him and face eternal fire — experiencing God as something you detest.

What is the OT source of the Eucharist and what does it involve?

The Passover in Exodus 12 — the consumption of unleavened bread and a slaughtered lamb, commemorating God's goodness to Israel.

What is the allegorical sense of the Passover as it relates to the Eucharist?

The slaughtered Passover lamb foreshadows Jesus' crucifixion — Christ is the lamb sacrificed for the new covenant.

What is the moral sense of the Passover as it relates to the Eucharist?

The Passover meal is the example the Eucharist follows — Paul says in 1 Corinthians 10 that Israel's spiritual food and drink exemplify the Eucharist directly.

What is the anagogical sense of the Passover as it relates to the Eucharist?

The Passover foreshadows eternal life — what God will ultimately do for his children at the end of time.

How does Hebrews 10 explain the Eucharist's relation to the Passover?

The Passover was the shadow pointing toward future goods; the Eucharist is the very image — it actually delivers what the Passover only promised.

What is the core theological claim connecting the OT Passover to the NT Eucharist?

The Eucharist is the direct fulfillment of the Passover — Jesus is both the priest offering the sacrifice and the lamb being offered, replacing the old covenant's animal sacrifice with his own body and blood.