James's Grade 11 LO Exam Preparation Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering Gender Inequality, University Admissions (APS), Environmental Issues, and Climate Change as per the Grade 11 LO Exam Cheat Sheet.

Gender stereotype

A fixed, oversimplified belief about how a person of a certain gender should behave, look or act.

Gender inequality

Unequal treatment or opportunities for people based on their gender.

Gender roles

Behaviours and responsibilities society EXPECTS from men and women, such as man as breadwinner and woman as caregiver.

Sexism

Discrimination or prejudice based on a person's gender, such as refusing to hire a woman because she might fall pregnant.

Patriarchy

A social system where men hold primary power and dominate in society.

Gender-based violence (GBV)

Violence directed at someone because of their gender, including domestic violence, sexual assault, and femicide.

Femicide

The killing of women/girls because of their gender.

Section 9 of the Constitution

Equality: Everyone is equal before the law, and no discrimination is allowed based on gender, race, age, disability, or religion.

Section 10 of the Constitution

Human dignity: Everyone has the right to have their dignity respected and protected.

Section 12 of the Constitution

Freedom and security: Everyone has the right to be free from all forms of violence and the right to bodily integrity.

Section 14 of the Constitution

Privacy: The right to privacy; no one can search you or share private information without consent.

Employment Equity Act

Law that promotes equal opportunity in the workplace and prevents unfair discrimination.

PEPUDA

Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act, which makes discrimination illegal.

Domestic Violence Act

Law that protects victims of domestic violence and allows them to obtain a protection order.

APS

Admission Point Score — a number calculated from Grade 12 final marks used to determine if a student qualifies for a university programme.

APS Points for $80-100\%$

$7$ (Distinction)

APS Points for $70-79\%$

$6$ (Merit)

APS Points for $60-69\%$

$5$ (Commendable)

APS Points for $50-59\%$

$4$ (Adequate)

Bursary

Financial assistance for tuition, accommodation, meals, and books that DOES NOT need to be repaid.

Scholarship

Financial aid based purely on academic merit that does not need repayment.

Loan

Financial aid that must be REPAID with interest.

Work-back agreement

A requirement by some bursaries to work for the funding company for a set number of years after graduating.

NSFAS

National Student Financial Aid Scheme — government funding for students from low-income households.

TVET College

Technical and Vocational Education and Training College, which provides certificate-based tertiary education.

Environmental Hazard: Flooding

Destroys infrastructure and crops, spreads waterborne diseases, and causes displacement; example: KZN floods 2022.

Environmental Hazard: Drought

Causes crop failure, livestock deaths, and economic losses; example: Cape Town Day Zero 2018.

Water Scarcity

A lack of sufficient water resources to meet demands, leading to health issues like cholera and economic losses for farmers.

Petition

A formal written request signed by many people submitted to an authority to demand action or change.

Section 17 of the Constitution

The right to peaceful assembly, demonstration, picket, and the right to petition.

Climate change

Long-term shifts in global temperatures and weather patterns, largely caused by human activities since the 1800s.

Global warming

The gradual increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to greenhouse gases trapping heat.

Greenhouse effect

A natural process where gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun; enhanced by human activity.

Greenhouse gases

Gases including $CO_2$, methane ($CH_4$), nitrous oxide ($N_2O$), and water vapour that trap heat in the atmosphere.

Carbon footprint

The total amount of greenhouse gases produced by a person, company, or country.

Paris Agreement

An international treaty (2015) where countries agreed to limit global warming to below $2^{\circ}\text{C}$ above pre-industrial levels.

Deforestation

The cutting down of trees, which results in less $CO_2$ absorption and releases $CO_2$ when trees burn or rot.

Fridays for Future

A global school strike movement for climate activism started in 2018, inspired by Greta Thunberg.

Section 24 of the Constitution

The right to a clean environment.