Industrial Transducers and Sensors Overview

Vocabulary flashcards covering various industrial transducers for angular velocity, force, acceleration, temperature, and flow based on the lecture notes.

Angular velocity transducers

Measuring devices used to measure the rotation speed of a rotating body by converting mechanical quantity into an electrical signal.

Analog angular velocity transducers

Transducers that provide a continuous electrical signal proportional to the speed of rotation.

Digital angular velocity transducers

Transducers that create a series of pulses which are counted and processed by digital devices.

Digital frequency meter

A device that measures the frequency of a signal by counting pulses within a precisely determined time interval.

Voltmeter method for angular velocity

A measurement method where a transducer converts angular velocity into a voltage proportional to the rotation speed, which is then displayed on a voltmeter.

DC Tacho-generator

A small electric machine connected to a shaft that produces a direct current ($DC$) voltage proportional to the speed of rotation.

AC Tacho-generator

A generator that produces an alternating current ($AC$) voltage whose amplitude or frequency depends on the rotation speed of the rotor.

Optoelectronic angular velocity transducer

A transducer that utilizes a light source, a photosensitive element, and a disk with openings to generate pulses as the light beam is interrupted during rotation.

Force and mechanical stress transducers

Sensors that convert mechanical force or deformation into an electrical signal for measuring load, pressure, tension, or compression.

Strain gauges (Merne trake)

Resistive sensors made of thin metal foil or wire that change their electrical resistance as their length changes due to material deformation.

Magnetostrictive force transducer

A transducer that operates on the principle of magnetostriction, changing the magnetic permeability of a ferromagnetic material when mechanical force is applied.

Accelerometers

Sensors designed to measure acceleration, used for detecting vibrations, impacts, tilt, and motion.

Capacitive accelerometer

An accelerometer containing a movable mass between electrodes that changes the capacitance of a capacitor as it moves due to acceleration.

Piezoelectric accelerometer

An accelerometer that uses a crystal to generate an electrical charge and voltage when acceleration exerts force upon it.

Magnetic accelerometer

A sensor where acceleration moves a mass connected to a magnet or coil, resulting in a change in the magnetic field or electromagnetic induction.

Contact temperature transducers

A category of temperature sensors that includes thermistors, thermal resistors, and thermocouples.

Non-contact temperature transducers

Sensors that use infrared radiation to measure temperature without physical contact with the object.

Thermistors

Semiconductor resistors whose electrical resistance changes significantly with changes in temperature.

Thermocouple (Termopar)

A sensor consisting of two different metal conductors joined at one end that generates a thermoelectric voltage when a temperature difference exists between the junctions.

Flow transducers

Devices used to measure flow, categorized as differential, electromagnetic, ultrasonic, turbine, or vortex types.