PCOL 445 Exam 4

Which of the following is a common side effects with pyrantel pamoate?

upset stomach

How does pyrantel pamoate work?

spastic paralysis

Which of the following is an anticholinergic side effect associated with 1st generation antihistamines?

Dry mucous membranes

Altered mental status

Which of the following is the only nonprescription sleep aid that is safe and effective for self-administration for occasional problems falling asleep?

Diphenhydramine

Which of the following patients can have naproxen to treat their headache?

17 year old / 47 year old

Which of the following patients, recovering from a recent virus, can have aspirin to treat their headache?

38 year old

Which of the following is an adverse effect that may occur with decongestants, especially when taken systemically?

Elevated blood pressure

Which of the following symptoms are specific to allergies only?

Itchy ears & throat / Wheezing

How does guaifenesin work?

Loosen and thin secretions

Which of the following risks is associated with taking higher than recommended dosages of codeine and dextromethorphan?

respiratory depression

Which of the following medications can be used in a 5 year old with cough?

guaifenesin

Which OTC medication of antihistamines is considered non-sedating and suitable for daytime use?

Cetirizine

Name the 3 oral antitussive nonprescription medications

codeine diphenhydramine dextromethorphan

Name the protussive non prescription medication:

guaifenesin

Name the 2 topical antitussive nonprescription medications:

Menthol and Camphor

Which risk is associated with taking higher than reccomended dosages of codeine and dextromethorphan?

Respiratory Depression

Honey may be just as effective as nonprescription meds available OTC: T/F

True

Which neurotransmitter is being released to the VLPT to the cortex when the wake promoter is on

Histamine

Which neurotransmitter is being released to the VLPT to the cortex when the sleep promoter is on

GABA

What is first line treatment for insomnia?

nonpharmacologic options

Which nonprescription med is considered an option for treatment of insomnia?

Diphenhydramine

First line treatment for drowsiness and fatigue?

Nonpharmacologic options

Nonprescription medication for drowsiness and fatigue?

caffeine

What receptors does caffeine block?

Adenosine

Patients that quit smoking should reduce caffine intake by 50%: T/F?

True

What is the main site of pinworm infestation?

Colon

How long can pinworm eggs remain viable outside of host?

20 days

What is the one FDA approved medication for pinworm infestation?

Pyrantel pamoate

What nonprescription drug class is first line for allergic rhinitis:

intranasal corticosterioids

Name the three 2nd generation antihistamines used to treat allergic rhinitis

fexofenadine/loratadine/cetirizine

What is first line treatment for teething discomfort?

non-pharmacologic options

Which of the following cough types can be treated with nonprescription medication?

Post nasal drip induced

(T/F) Cough is self limiting and typically resolves within 14 days.

False

(T/F) The cerebral cortex can override the cough reflex, allowing us to hold in a cough.

True

Which of the following is considered an oral antitussive?

Codeine

Which type of cough should dextromethorphan be considered for use?

Dry cough

What type of toxicity can occur if codeine is used in higher than recommended dosages?

respiratory depression

What is the risk of giving guaifenesin to an infant, even in low doses?

gasping syndrome

How does camphor and menthol vapors relieve cough?

Surpresses cough sensitivity

(T/F) Honey and zinc lozenges may be as effective as the nonprescription drugs available OTC.

True

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of the common cold?

High fever

How long does it typically take for symptoms  to resolve in common colds?

7-10 Days

Which of the following is a preventive measure to reduce the spread of the common cold virus?

Covering mouth when you sneeze/cough

Which of the following symptoms are specific to allergies only?

Wheezing

Which of the following symptoms are common to both allergies and colds?

Stuffy nose

Which of the following is NOT a non-pharmaceutical remedy for a common cold?

Taking 1st generation antihistamines

Which generation of antihistamines (H1- Antagonist) is known for causing sedation and drowsiness as a side effect?

First generation

Which of the following is a potential anticholinergic side effect associated with antihistamines?

Dry mouth

Which category of medications primarily targets and mitigates the perception of pain and alleviates fever during a cold?

Systemic analgesics

What is the primary goal of local anesthetics when used to address cold-related symptoms?

Temporary relief of a sore throat

Which of the following is NOT a type of decongestant?

Loratadine

Which type of rhinitis is more likely to have bilateral symptoms?

Allergic rhinitis

Episodic symptoms of allergic rhinitis typically occur when a person is exposed to:

Allergens they are not usually in contact with

What characterizes persistent symptoms of allergic rhinitis in terms of frequency and duration?

When would intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) be considered a first-line treatment for allergic rhinitis?

Persistent/Intermitent Symptoms

When are oral antihistamines recommended in the treatment approach for allergic rhinitis?

When INCS are effective

Which of the following is an example of a second-line therapy option for allergic rhinitis?

Oral antihistamines/decongestants

What type of local adverse effect may be associated with nasal decongestant products?

Burning/stinging sensation

When are inhaled nasal corticosteroids (INCS) most effective in managing nasal symptoms?

When used regularly

Which of the following is a potential side effect associated with Cromolyn Sodium use?

Unpleasant taste

Which of the following medication would be appropriate to treat a headache in a patient that is 8 weeks pregnant?

Acetaminophen

Which of the following medications is avoided in the treatment of headache because the effective dose would be considered to high and place the patient at risk for ADEs?

Asprin

What medication can cause Raye’s syndrome in adolescents?

Asprin

(T/F) Naproxen has a longer duration of action than ibuprofen.

True

Specifically, which part of the large intestine (colon) do the pinworms like to hangout?

Ascending colon

How do pinworms attach to the intestine?

Mouth

T/F Humans and dogs are the hosts of E. vermicularis.

False

The female migrates at night to the colon and through the anus.  She deposits sticky eggs (~11,000!) in the perianal area and dies shortly afterwards.  How do reinfections occur?

How long can the eggs remain viable outside the intestinal tract (host)?

20 Days

What is the one FDA approved nonprescription medication that is can be used to treat pinworm infections?

Pyrantel pamoate

How does pyrantel pamoate work?

spastic paralysis

T/F Pyrantel pamoate can cure pinworm infections.

True

Pyrantel pamoate is poorly absorbed. What percent is excreted through the feces?

Which patient ages can use pyrantel pamoate?

No patients under 2 y/o

T/F Pyrantel pamoate should be taken with food.

False

T/F Pyrantel Pamoate can be taken or mixed with milk or fruit juice.

True

What are some serious complications that can be associated with fever

Dehydration, delirium, fatigue

What are common signs and symptoms associated with fever?

Headaches, chills, rapid heartbeat

When is a fever more likely to lead to serious issues?

When the temperature is over 106F

Which temperature measurement method is considered the gold standard for core body temperature?

Rectal

What distinguishes fever from hyperthermia?

Fever is characterized by a change in hypothalamus temperature control

If an axillary temperature reading is 99°F, what is the estimated oral equivalent based on the rule?

98°F

According to the rule mentioned, how much should you add to an oral temperature to estimate the rectal or tympanic equivalent?

Add 1 degree

What temperature measurement site is suggested for a tympanic equivalent when obtaining an oral reading of 99.5°F?

Tympanic