Ch. 5 Image Presentation and Computers

 The type of computer memory that allows temporary storage for programs and data is called: 

(a) ROM 

(b) RAM 

(c) Rad 

(d) REM 

b) RAM

 Assuming that the speed of retrieval is not important, which archiving option would be the best choice for a department with a limited budget? 

(a) Magneto-optical disk 

(b) DVD 

(c) Magnetic tape 

(d) Hard drive 

(c) Magnetic tape 

 A high-pass image filter removes: 

(a) Relatively lower frequencies 

(b) Relatively higher frequencies 

(c) Frequencies that are both too high and too low 

(d) Edges 

(a) Relatively lower frequencies 

Display devices in nuclear medicine include all of the following EXCEPT: 

(a) CRTs 

(b) Video monitors 

(c) Magnetic tape 

(d) Photographic film 

(c) Magnetic tape 

 Which part of the computer is used for data filtering? 

(a) Buffer 

(b) Array processor 

(c) ROM 

(d) ADC 

(b) Array processor 

 Which of the following is NOT true regarding data acquisition in frame mode? 

(a) It requires much less memory than list mode. 

(b) It has a higher acquisition rate compared to list mode. 

(c) Data cannot be divided into shorter images at a later time. 

(d) Data being stored includes periodic clock markers. 

(d) Data being stored includes periodic clock markers. 

 Which is more useful for gated first-pass cardiac studies? 

(a) List mode 

(b) Frame mode 

(a) List mode 

 When discussing medical images, what does the acronym “DICOM” stand for? 

(a) Department of Internal Communications 

(b) Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine 

(c) Digitization Committee 

(d) Division of Computation 

(b) Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine 

 What is the standard orientation of tomographic DICOM slices? 

(a) Transverse 

(b) Sagittal 

(c) Coronal 

(d) Right anterior oblique

(a) Transverse 

Which of the following types of information would NOT be found in a DICOM header? 

(a) Modality, scanner manufacturer, scanner model, FOV 

(b) Pixel size, slice thickness, number of rows and columns 

(c) Patient’s insurance carrier, payment method, balance due 

(d) Patient name, ID, birth date, referring physician 

(c) Patient’s insurance carrier, payment method, balance due 

Which of the following modalities may NOT have separate DICOM files for each slice? 

(a) CT 

(b) MR 

(c) PT 

(d) NM 

d) NM

What does the acronym “PACS” stand for? 

(a) Photoconductor array camera and spectrophotometer 

(b) Philanthropic and charitable societies 

(c) Picture archiving and communication system 

(d) Public affairs and community services 

(c) Picture archiving and communication system 

In information technology, what does the acronym “RIS” stand for? 

(a) Radiology information system 

(b) Research and information system 

(c) Research innovation services 

(d) Regulatory issue statement 

(a) Radiology information system 

Filtering of SPECT data may take place: 

(a) Before reconstruction 

(b) During reconstruction 

(c) After reconstruction 

(d) All of the above 

(d) All of the above 

Which type of filter is used exclusively with dynamic images? 

(a) Spatial 

(b) Temporal 

(c) Band pass 

(d) Low pass 

(b) Temporal 

Double-emulsion film is used most often in nuclear medicine departments. 

(a) True 

(b) False 

(b) False 

If a technologist notices an unexpected hot spot on an image, what should he or she NOT do: 

(a) Take oblique or lateral views of the area. 

(b) Attempt to remove the source of the signal by cleansing or removing clothing and reimaging, noting the difference for physician (pants removed, etc.). 

(c) Nothing. 

(d) Survey the area for contamination after the patient leaves. 

(c) Nothing. 

When presenting a bone scan to a physician for interpretation, the technologist should be certain that which of the following information is available? 

(a) Laterality (right vs. left side) 

(b) Injection site 

(c) Age 

(d) Fracture history 

(e) All of the above 

(e) All of the above 

Film should be stored: 

(a) On its side 

(b) After the foil wrapper has been removed 

(c) In a temperature-controlled area 

(d) All of the above 

(d) All of the above 

Static on photographic film may result from: 

(a) Removing a sheet of the film too quickly from the box or cassette 

(b) Contact with skin 

(c) Contact with dust and/or lint particles 

(d) All of the above 

(d) All of the above 

If photographic films appear too light, which of the following should be monitored? 

(a) Chemicals are replenished at the correct rate. 

(b) Developer temperature is set according to the manufacturer’s recommendation. 

(c) Water does not overflow into the developer in the film processor. 

(d) All of the above. 

(d) All of the above. 

Which of the following describes the fixing process? 

(a) The undeveloped sodium iodide crystals are removed, and the developing process is stopped. 

(b) Silver halide crystals become reduced to metallic silver. 

(c) The undeveloped silver halide crystals are removed, and the developer is neutralized. 

(d) None of the above. 

(c) The undeveloped silver halide crystals are removed, and the developer is neutralized. 

Filtered back projection of SPECT data initially creates: 

(a) Transverse images 

(b) Sagittal images 

(c) Coronal images 

(d) Oblique images 

(a) Transverse images 

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to evaluate image quality in NM images? 

(a) Gray scale 

(b) Spatial resolution 

(c) Contrast 

(d) Noise 

(a) Gray scale 

When placing a region of interest (ROI) on an image in order to extract numerical data, which of the following is false? 

(a) ROIs must be accurately placed on the tissue of interest. 

(b) ROIs must be circular. 

(c) ROIs can be defined automatically using edge detection algorithms. 

(d) When ROIs are copied across a time series of images, a time-activity curve can be generated. 

(b) ROIs must be circular. 

 Which of the following are NOT statistics that can be obtained from an ROI? 

(a) Minimum and maximum pixel values 

(b) Mean pixel value 

(c) Standard deviation of the pixel values 

(d) Contrast resolution 

(e) Area 

(d) Contrast resolution