Exam 5 bio ch 32

What supergroup includes animasl fungi and protists

Unikonta

What are the two clades in Unikonta

amoebozoans and opisthokonts (animal, fungi, protist)

What is the closest related ancestor of animals

sponges (770 mya)

What are general characteristics of animals

multi cellular, heterotrophs, tissues with specialized cells, digestive systems, nerve and muscle cells, ability to move, detect, and capture

What provides structure instead of a cell wall

collagen

describe reproduction - 2n dominating, reproduce sexually

zygote - cleavage - eight cell stage - cleavage - blastula - blastocoel - gastrulation - blastopore

Define blastocoel, endoderm, ectoderm, and archenteron

• Blastocoel: The fluid-filled central cavity found within the hollow blastula during early embryonic development.

• Endoderm: The innermost germ layer that lines the developing digestive tube and forms the lining of the digestive tract.

• Ectoderm: The outermost germ layer that gives rise to the animal's outer covering and, in some cases, the central nervous system.

• Archenteron: The internal pouch formed during gastrulation that functions as the developing digestive tube

what are the closest living protist to animals

choanoflagellates

what are cadherin proteins

allow cells to attach (adhere) and communicate with one another, animal cells have CDD domain in animals ONLY

what is radial symmetry

sessile or planktonic

what is bilateral symmetry

head and tail end, dorsal and ventral section

what is diploblastic tissue

two germs layers: ectoderm and endoderm

what is triploblastic

three germ laters: ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm, have body cavities

what is a true body cavity

coelom derived from mesoderm , fluid cushions the organs, enables internal organs to grow and move independently

what is a coelom

body cavity

what is a hemocoel

body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm

what triploblastic animal lacks a cavity

acoelomates, compact

cleavage difference in protostome and dueterostome

protostome: molluscs, annelids, eight cell stage is spiral and determinate
deuterostome: echinoderms, chordates, eight cell stage is radial and indeterminate

coelom formation difference in protostome and deuterostome

protostome: solid masses of mesoderm split and form coelom
deuterostome: folds of archenteron form coelom

blastopore fate difference in protostome and deuterostome

protostome: mouth develops from blastopore
deuterostome: anus develops from blastopore

what are phylogenies based off

whole genome analysis, morphological traits, rRNA, hox genes, nuclear genes, mitochondrial genes

what are the three bilaterian clades

deuterostomia, ecdysozoa, lophotrochozoa

what are deuterostomia

hemichordates (Acorn worms), echinoderms (sea stars), and chordates

what are lophotrochozoa

bilaterian invertebrates with apical tuft of cilia, lophophore, trochophore larva

what are ecdysozoa

secrete external skeletons