Lab Values - FF

Normal fasting glucose

60-99 mg/dL

Fasting blood glucose: Hypoglycemia

<70 mg/dL

Fasting blood glucose: Impaired glucose tolerance (insulin resistance)

100-125 mg/dL

Fasting Blood Glucose: Diabetes mellitus

>126 mg/dL

Blood Glucose RED FLAG:

At the start of exercise

<70 mg/dL or >250 mg/dL

Blood Glucose RED FLAG:

Risk of diabetic ketoacidosis

>300-350 mg/dL

Normal Glycosylated Hb (A1C)

4%-6%

Abnormal Glycosylated Hb (A1C)

>7%

Require immediate insulin therapy - Glycosylated Hb (A1C)

>10%

Normal pH - ABG

7.35-7.45

PaCO2 (partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood) - ABG

35-45 mmHg

HCO3 (bicarbonate) - ABG

22-26 mEq/L

pO2 (partial pressure of O2) - ABG

60-100 mmHg

O2 saturation - ABG

95%-98%

O2 saturation during activity - ABG

Keep above 90%

Sodium

135-145 mEq/L

Potassium

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Chloride

95-105 mEq/L

Calcium

9-11 mg/dL

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

10-20 mg/dL

Creatine

0.5-1.2 mg/dL

Carbon dioxide

20-29 mEq/L

Magnesium

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

Hgb in Females

12-16 g/dL

Hgb in Males

13-18 g/dL

Hematocrit (%) in Females

36-46%

Hematocrit (%) in Males

37-49%

Serum Bilirubin

Direct (Conjugated) - after processed by the liver

High levels = liver is damaged or bile ducts are blocked

Liver diseases = include hepatitis and cirrohosis

Gallstones block bile ducts

0.1-0.3 mg/dL

Serum Bilirubin

Indirect (Unconjugated) - before liver processing

From broken down RBC’s

Too much unconjugated serum bilirubin can lead to jaundice

0.2-0.8 mg/dL

Total Serum Bilirubin

0.3-1.0 mg/dL

Urine Bilirubin

Bilirubinuria = signals that the liver is damaged or a bile duct is blocked

Normal conditions = the liver excretes it into the digestive tract through bile

0

Urine Bilirubin

Serum Cholesterol

150-250 mg/dL

Urine bilirubin: In bile duct obstruction, what happens to serum cholesterol levels?

Increases

Urine bilirubin: In liver damage, what happens to serum cholesterol levels?

Reduced

Urine Bilirubin

Total protein

6-8 g/dL

Urine bilirubin: In liver damage, what happens to total protein?

Reduced

Urine Bilirubin

Serum Albumin

3.5-4.8 g/dL

Urine bilirubin: In liver damage, what happens to serum albumin?

Reduced

Urine bilirubin: With age, what happens to serum albumin?

Decreases

Coagulation: Normal Prothrombin time?

12-15 sec

Coagulation functions: When does liver damage occur from prothrombin time?

With PROLONGED prothrombin time

Coagulation: For people taking anticoagulations what happens to prothrombin time?

It is doubled

Coagulation: Platelets

150,000-400,000/ mm³

Coagulation: When the spleen is enlarged due to portal hypertension, what may happen to the platelet levels?

They may drop

“The spleen, unfortunately, traps the platelets and the measured platelet count in the blood is reduced.”

Normal INR (how long for blood to clot)

0.9-1.1

For individuals on anticoagulants:

>2.5

Guard against falls

For individuals on anticoagulants:

>3.0

Risk for hemarthrosis (bleeding into a joint space)

For individuals on anticoagulants:

>4.0

Increase in exercise routine may be contraindicated or modified; discuss with physician

For individuals on anticoagulants:

>6.0

Bed rest till corrected

Exercise guidelines: Platelet count

No therapeutic exercise/hold therapy

<10,000 and/or temperature >100.5* F

Exercise guidelines: Platelet count

Therapeutic exercise/bike WITHOUT resistance

10,000-20,000

Exercise guidelines: Platelet count

Therapeutic exercise/bike WITH or WITHOUT resistance

>20,000

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Essential activities of daily living

<8 g/dL

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Essential activities of daily living, assistance as needed for safety; light aerobics, light weights (1-2 lb)

8-10 g/dL

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Ambulation and self-care as tolerated; resistance and aerobic exercises

>10 g/dL

Hematocrit (Hct)

Essential activities of daily living; assistance as needed for safety

<25%

Hematocrit (Hct)

Essential activities of daily living; assistance as needed for safety; light aerobics, light weights (1-2 lb)

25%-35%

Hematocrit (Hct)

Ambulation and self-care as tolerated; resistance and aerobic exercises

>35%

White blood cell count

No exercise permitted

<5,000/mm³ with fever

White blood cell count

Light exercise permitted with progression to resistive exercise

>5,000/mm³