Elements of the Cytoskeleton

These flashcards cover the key vocabulary related to the cytoskeleton, including types of filaments, their functions, and associated motor proteins.

Microtubules

Hollow tube-like structures made of α- and β-tubulin dimers, approximately 25 nm in diameter, providing tracks for intracellular transport.

Actin Filaments (Microfilaments)

Solid, rod-like polymers made of actin proteins (~7 nm in diameter) that maintain cell shape, resist tension, and facilitate muscle contraction.

Intermediate Filaments

Strong, cable-like structures made from various proteins (e.g., keratin), approximately 10 nm in diameter, providing mechanical strength.

Kinesin

A motor protein that moves cellular cargo towards the plus end of the microtubule.

Dynein

A motor protein that moves cellular cargo towards the minus end of the microtubule.

Cilia

Locomotor appendages on eukaryotic cells that exhibit distinct movement, structured in a '9+2' arrangement.

Flagella

Long, whip-like structures that propel cells, also structured in a '9+2' arrangement.

Organizing Center

A cellular structure, such as a centrosome in animal cells, where microtubules originate and are organized.

Amoeboid Movement

Cell movement that relies on actin filaments, allowing cells to change shape and crawl.

Myosin

A motor protein that interacts with actin filaments to generate movement, especially in muscle contractions.