Chem SW6 vocab

Exothermic reaction

reaction that releases heat energy as a product

Endothermic reaction

reaction that absorbs heat energy as a reactant

Critical pressure

the highest pressure amount that can be exerted to liquefy a gas at its critical temperature.

Solid

state with definite shape and volume

Molarity

concentration of solution calculated by dividing moles of solute by liters of solution

Liquid

state with definite volume but indefinite shape

Solution

homogeneous mixture

Soluble

ability of a solvent material to dissolve in a particular kind of solvent

boiling point

temperature at which intersects with1 atm pressure on the liquid/gas equilibrium line

Melting point

temperature at which intersects with1 atm pressure on the solid/liquid equilibrium line

Triple point

the temperature & pressure at which the solid, liquid, and vapor phases of a pure substance can coexist in equilibrium.

Critical temperature

the temperature of a gas in its critical state. Above this temperature, a gas cannot be liquefied by pressure alone.

STP

0°C and 1 atm ( Standard Temperature and pressure)

Solute

solution component that is in lowest proportion

Solvent

solution component that is in highest proportion

gas

state with indefinite shape and volume

Acid

material that releases hydrogen ions in aqueous solution.

Base

material that releases hydroxide ions in aqueous solution.

Indicator

material that changes color in response to a pH change

Neutralization

reaction: acid + base → salt + water

acidic pH values

numbers <7 at room temp

basic pH values

numbers > 7 at room temp

neutral pH value

equals 7 at room temp

chromatography

A lab technique used to separate mixtures of molecules

titration

a lab technique in which a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of another solution

electrolyte

a material that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current