APAH Unit 3- General Ideas and Vocab

Iconography

the visual images and symbols used in a work of art by an artist(s) used to convey meaning

Why did Medieval Art look different than Greek and Roman

Christians were actively rejecting former religious norms and intended it to look different

Iconoclasm

The rejection of images of beliefs as 'heretical' (wrong or opposed to accepted truths).

What was the intention of Christian Iconoclasts?

Reject existing religious beliefs and artistic customs because they are seen as heretical.

Did Christians believe that their diety could be contained in a graven image? Why or why not?

They did not because creating a false God was disrupting the first commandment that there may not be any idols placed before God himself.

Tufa

a porous rock similar to limestone that's easy to carve

What does an upward gaze mean in Christian Iconography?

Eternal

Typology

The foreshadowing of events for Christians

Spolia

the re-use of earlier building material or decorative sculpture on new monuments

Basilica

An oblong building ending in a semicircular apse

Parchment Codex

Early version of a book. Change in materials. Priests traveled with them which helped to standardize the religion.

Constantine the Great

Converted to Christianity in 312 BC, Christianized Roman Empire

Continuous narration

Telling a story using one long scene without transitions

When was Christianity recognized as a religion distinct from Judaism?

Second Century

How did typology emerge?

Christians saw parallels/foreshadowing between the events of the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament

What is one act of Christian charity expressed through art?

Frescos

Where do most stories depicting the most common episodes of Jesus' life come from?

New Christian Testament

Pendentive

Arches supporting a dome that unite in a point

Popular Motif at the time

Eagle

Cloisonné

A decorative metalwork technique where gemstones would be inserted in the holes left open by the wires

spatial ambiguity

representation of form without a clear and singular perspective. Some elements of space make sense and others don't.

Icon Painting

Small scale devotional paints usually on a wood panel

Hiberno-Saxon Art

refers to the art of the British Isles, illuminated manuscripts, during a time of invasions and political upheaval

reliquary

a container for holy relics

Cruciform plan

Layout in the shape of a cross

Romanesque Church

rounded arches, lots of stone, dark, barrel vaults based on Roman architecture

Apse

Altar area for liturgy

Tympanum

Half-round panel that fills the space between the lintle and arch over the doorway of the church. Relief carvings.

Spoila

Repurposing of previous spoils to build something new

flying buttress

an arched stone support on the outside of buildings, which allows builders to construct higher walls

Bibles Moralisees

Illustrated bibles with thousands of images correlating to biblical stories and their applications to medieval life

Haggadah

Narrative

Shallow stage

Figures represent a real space but appear pushed toward the viewer