Salles 15

Hydronium

H₃O⁺, forms when the dissociated H⁺ ion combines with a water molecule, H₂O.

Conjugate Acid

is the ion or molecule formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion.

Conjugate Base

is the ion or molecule that remains after an acid donates a hydrogen ion.

Conjugate acid-base pair

consists of two ions or molecules related by the loss or gain of one hydrogen ion.

Lewis Base

is a substance that donates a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond

Lewis Acid

s a substance that accepts a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.

Neutral Solution

Any aqueous solution in which [H₃O⁺] and [OH⁻] are equal is a

Ion-product constant for water

In water or aqueous solutions at 25°C, the product of the hydronium-ion concentration and the hydroxide-ion concentration,

Neutralization Reaction

A reaction in which an acid and a base in an aqueous solution produce a salt and water is called a

Salt Hydrolysis

is a process in which the cations or anions of a dissociated salt accept hydrogen ions from water or donate hydrogen ions to water.

Titration

in which a volume of a solution of known concentration is added to a solution of known volume but unknown concentration.

Equivalence Point

Neutralization occurs when the numbers of moles of H₃O⁺ and OH^– are equal, and the point in a titration where neutralization occurs is called the

Titration Curve

The graph of the unknown solution’s pH versus the volume of standard solution added during a titration is called a

Buffer

A solution in which pH remains relatively constant when small amounts of acid or base are added is called a

Buffer Capacity

is a measure of the amount of acid or base that may be added to a buffer system before a significant change in pH happens.

Buffer Range

is the overall pH range in which a buffer system is effective at maintaining a relatively constant pH.