Bio 1203 Chapter 6 Metabolism

Metabolism

ALl chemical reactions that take place in the cell or total of chemical reaction carry out in the organisms.

Catabolism

Harvest energy by break down molecules. Complex molecules to small molecules.

Delta G < 0

Anabolism

conserve energy to build complex molecules from smaller one

Delta G > 0

Energy

ablitiy to do work

Redox Reaction (OILRIG)

Oxidation: loss of e- Reduction: gain of e-

Biochemical Pathway

Reaction occur in a sequence, Product of 1 reaction is the substrate for the next, and Many steps take place in specific organelles.

Feedback Inhibition

end product of pathway increase in concentration as its synthesized

More product increase probability that bind to an allosteric site on an enzyme in the pathway and causes it to change so it cant bind.

Enzyme

most are proteins, cannot change or consume in reaction, specific shapes, some are RNA.

Active site

pockets or cefts for substrate binding, precise fit of substrate into what

Intramolecular catalysis

catalyze reaction on RNA molecule itself

Intermolecular catalysis

RNA acts on another molecules

Inhibitors

binds to an enzyme to decrease its activity

Competitive Inhibitors

competes w/substrate for active site

Noncompetitive Inhibitors

binds to enzyme and trigger a change so it doesn’t bind to active site

Allosteric enzymes

exists in active and inactive forms and noncompetitive inhibitors bind to allosteric sites

Allosteric inhibitors

binds to allosteric site and reduce enzyme activity

allosteric activator

binds to allosteric sites and increase in enzyme activity

Cofactors

assists enzymes with metal ions ex: Zn, Mn, Mo.

Coenzymes

nonprotein organic molecules plays accessory role in enzyme- catalyzed process. Ex: vitamins

Delta G

Change in free energy

Endergonic

+G = Products (free energy) > reactants, not spontaneous, requires input of energy

Exergonic

-G = Products (free energy) < Reactants, spontaneous, Release energy.

Activation Energy

required to break chemical bonds

Catalysts

anything influence chemical bond in a way that decrease activation energy

Increase rate of the chemical reaction w/o violating thermodynamics.

ATP

primary energy currency used by cells, Adenine, Ribose, Phosphate ( chain of 3) used for energy storage but not reliable due to unstable bonds.

ATP Hydrolysis

Release energy = Exergonic to Endergonic where it supplies the energy

ATP + H2O → ADP + P

1st Law of Thermodynamics

1. Energy cannot be created or destroyed

2. Energy can only change from 1 from to another (pot → kin)

3. total amount of energy in the universe remains constant

4. During each conversion, some energy is converted to heat

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

1. Entropy (disorder) is continuously increased

2. Transformations proceed spontaneously to convert matter form more ordered/less stable from les order/ more stable form

Free energy

amount of energy unavailable to break and form chemical or energy available

G = H - TS

G= total energy in molecules chemical bond

H= enthalpy (sum of internal energy in a chemical bond

T= Absolute temp.

S= entropy (unavailable energy)