SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENT

Measurement

assigning a number to an object or event by comparing it to others

4th & 3rd millenia BC

WHEN was the earliest uniform weight/measure systems

SI System

devised in the 18th century to simplify physical measurements

built on a mathematical combination of 7 base units

Personal Error

are systematic or random errors that stem from the experimenter's carelessness, physical limitations, or judgment biases

Equipment Error

refers to systematic deviations in experimental measurements caused by faulty calibration, inherent instrument constraints, or improper use of apparatus.

Environmental Errors

A specific sub-type of error caused by the surrounding external conditions affecting the measuring instrument or the object being measured.

Observational Error

is the difference between an observed measured value and the true value of a quantity

Systematic Errors

These errors are constant, predictable, and consistently skew data in one specific direction (always too high or always too low). They are usually tied to flaws in the equipment or the experimental design.

Random Errors

These are unpredictable, unavoidable fluctuations that occur even when using perfectly calibrated equipment. They are caused by minor environmental shifts, vibrations, or human limitations in reading analog scales.

Human Errors

are blunders, mistakes, or biases introduced by the researcher rather than inherent flaws in the equipment or experimental design.