Comprehensive Fall 2025 Final Review: Development, Health, and Aging Psychology

What is the phenomenon called when people age and seek consistency and stabilization in their lives?

maturation reform

What process is Pasquale engaged in when he assesses his time for studying?

secondary appraisal

Why is the easy availability of fast foods a reason for obesity?

high-calorie and high-fat cuisine is offered at prices adolescents can afford

What is a common reason why boomerang children return home to live with their parents?

lack of employment or underemployment

What term describes a physical or emotional response to threatening events?

stress

Why does the death of a child produce profound grief for parents?

It violates the natural order of the world, in which parents should precede their children in death.

What do adolescents exhibit when engaging in risky behaviors?

a personal fable

Why is binge drinking more problematic for women than men?

Women tend to weigh less than men, so their bodies cannot absorb alcohol as efficiently.

How effective is taking a virginity pledge in reducing teenage pregnancies?

not very effective; a large majority of pledgers report having premarital sexual intercourse

What condition is Maria likely diagnosed with if she has difficulty managing tasks due to joint pain?

arthritis

Which stage of adjusting to widowhood includes shock and pain of loss?

grief and mourning

What generation is Juanita a member of if she is caring for both her children and elderly parents?

sandwich generation

What are the visible signs of sexual maturity that do not involve sex organs called?

secondary sex characteristics

What are memories from one's own life called?

autobiographical memories

Why are friendships more valued than family relationships by older adults?

Friendships offer more flexibility than family relationships and less of a history of obligations.

How can men and women reduce the risk of osteoporosis?

maintaining a diet high in calcium and getting regular exercise

What is an important consideration when interpreting the educational achievement gap between U.S. students and others?

There is a broader diversity of students in the United States compared to other countries.

What is the period in middle adulthood when people take a broader perspective called?

executive stage

What is a primary sex characteristic in boys?

spermarche

What common occurrence during adolescence is interpreting others' thoughts as focused on oneself?

adolescent egocentrism

What term refers to prejudice against older people?

ageism

What term refers to cloudy areas on the lens of the eye?

cataracts

Which theorist focused on ego integrity versus despair in late adulthood?

Erik Erikson

What conclusion can be drawn about older adults in higher education?

The majority of older learners enroll in vocational courses to gain skills for reentering the workforce.

Why do young adults choose to have children?

They get pleasure from watching their children grow and fulfillment from their success.

What outlook encourages U.S. minority groups to integrate while drawing from their cultural identities?

bicultural identity model

How do health psychologists define the effort to manage stress threats?

coping

What is defensive buffering?

What is coping?

What is hardiness?

What is stress acknowledgement?

In the 1960s, what job opportunity would employment ads for women likely present?

bank officer or secretary

How does regular exercise improve a person's overall physical health?

by improving brain density, lung capacity, and sensory organ functioning

Why do elderly people experience a decline in taste and smell sensitivity?

the olfactory bulbs on the brain begin to shrivel

What is intelligence that reflects information processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory called?

fluid intelligence

What condition does Tomasina likely have if she holds books further from her eyes to focus?

presbyopia

Why do many people who have normal weight during adolescence gain weight in young adulthood?

People never learn to reduce their caloric intake as they age.

What process likely undermined Keiko's performance on her calculus exam?

stereotype threat

What term describes increased pressure in the fluid of the eye?

glaucoma

What is the leading cause of death in middle adulthood?

disease

According to Robert Butler, what triggers a life review?

the obvious prospect of one's death

Using K. Warner Schaie's stages of adult development, what issue would a senior citizen likely be focused on?

legislation to enact universal health care benefits

Which part of DNA grows shorter every time a cell divides?

telomeres

Which situation illustrates the context component of George Bonanno's theory of grieving?

On the anniversary of her death, Xiao's relatives gather in the cemetery.

What are male and female sex hormones called?

androgens and estrogens

How would you describe Leon's functional age if he is 68 and battling asthma?

old old

When may brain activity be measured to determine death?

when organs may be potentially transplanted

What is the developmental stage called during which people acquire the ability to think abstractly?

formal operational stage

What pattern do many people show that calls Kübler-Ross's theory into question?

They move through Kübler-Ross's steps in different orders.

What condition does Emanuel have if the pressure in his eyes has increased?

glaucoma

What is the acknowledgment of the objective fact that one has experienced a death called?

bereavement

What developmental stage do young adults enter between the ages of 20 and 40 according to George Vaillant?

career consolidation

What is the goal of social services workers for senior citizens?

longer active life spans

What is a frequent cause of death among adolescents?

suicide

What kind of intelligence is demonstrated when solving problems using prior experience?

practical intelligence

Why are middle-aged adults involved in fewer automobile accidents than younger people?

Middle-aged people have greater experience driving.

What term describes young adults returning to live with their middle-aged parents?

boomerang children

How do some medical experts categorize a person with irreversible brain damage in a coma?

dead

What type of death education does Marty practice?

death education for members of the helping professions

Which eye disease can be treated if diagnosed early?

age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

What type of death education is Dr. Sardonicus's course?

routine death education

Why does physical appearance significantly affect how women see themselves?

Societal pressures apply a double standard to women and men.

What is the primary role of women in families?

Women serve as the primary role model for their family members.

What societal issue applies a double standard?

Societal pressures apply a double standard to women and men.

What evolutionary trend is observed among older women?

Older women tend to seek the company of younger men.

What does workplace advancement depend on?

Workplace advancement depends on physical vitality.

What is the acquisition of skill or knowledge in a particular area called?

Expertise

What process is Dr. Cullen engaged in when he follows a patient's DNR order?

Voluntary active euthanasia.

What event needs to precede the first step in Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's stages of dying?

Diagnosis of a terminal illness.

Which psychologists argued that personality changes follow a predictable pattern over time?

George Vaillant and Ravenna Helson.

What developmental stage follows childhood and precedes adulthood?

Adolescence.

What is a period of self-assessment for middle-aged people called according to Daniel Levinson?

Midlife crisis.

What is the term for the period of physical and psychological change in men's reproductive systems?

Male climacteric.

What is the loss of near vision in middle adulthood called?

Presbyopia.

Which type of memory capacity changes during old age?

Episodic memory.

Which STI has been noted by ancient historians?

Gonorrhea.

What do involved grandparents typically do?

Actively engage in grandparenting and influence their grandchildren's lives.

What consequence might Barry face in Erikson's identity-versus-identity-confusion stage?

He will be uncertain about the roles he should fulfill in life.

What is a source of financial vulnerability for people in late adulthood?

Reliance on fixed income.

At what developmental stage are fears about death generally the greatest?

Late adulthood.

What are elements of intimacy?

Feelings of closeness, affection, and connectedness.

What is mourning that continues for months or years called?

Complicated grief.

What term refers to parents' feelings of unhappiness after their children leave home?

Empty nest syndrome.

What characteristic affects whether a person develops expertise?

Genetic proclivity.

What is the diagnosis of death based on the cessation of brain activity called?

Brain death.

What aspect of the triarchic theory of intelligence is Hugo's behavior an example of?

Practical intelligence.

What medical condition refers to brittle and fragile bones?

Osteoporosis.

What contributes to the rising number of adolescent suicides in the U.S.?

Prevalent availability of guns.

What are formal strategies for organizing material to aid memory called?

Mnemonics.

What is the evaluation of a person's role by relevant group members called?

Extrinsic evaluation.

Who has greatly influenced our understanding of how people confront death?

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross.

What condition refers to the loss of ability to detect fine spatial detail?

Loss of visual acuity.

What does crisis represent in James Marcia's view of adolescent development?

A period of identity development where an adolescent consciously chooses between alternatives.

What factor affects job satisfaction for middle-aged workers?

Recognition and approval.

Which STI can be fatal?

AIDS.

What is the proper facility for extensive physical therapy for an elderly patient?

Skilled nursing.

What condition does Sue have if her bones are brittle and fragile?

Osteoporosis.

What term refers to assisting terminally ill people to die more quickly?

Euthanasia.

At what developmental stage do children learn about customs associated with death?

Early childhood.

What strategy involves concentrating on particular skill areas to compensate for losses?

Selective optimization.