Study Guide: Hyperinflation Therapy, Chest Physiotherapy, and IPPB

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering Chest Physiotherapy (CPT) techniques, humidification parameters, Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing (IPPB) settings, and general lung mechanics.

Vibration Technique

A manual chest physiotherapy technique performed with flat hand positioning.

Percussion Technique

A manual chest physiotherapy technique performed with cupped hand positioning.

Sequence of CPT

A clinical procedure consisting of three steps: i. Deep breaths to mobilize secretions, ii. Vibration or percussion to dislodge secretions, and iii. Coughing to expel secretions.

BLU/GLD

An acronym for "Bad lung up, Good lung down," describing the postural drainage position where the affected lung segment is elevated.

Contraindications for CPT

Conditions where chest physiotherapy is avoided, including increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP), active hemoptysis, untreated pneumothorax, and low blood pressure.

Humidification Parameters at the Carina

The physiological standard at the carina consisting of a temperature of $37^{\circ}C$ ($98.6^{\circ}F$), a vapor pressure of $46\,mmHg$, and a water content of $44\,mg/L$.

Rain out

Excessive condensation that occurs when humidification exceeds optimal temperature, pressure, or volume.

Trigger Sensitivity

The standard setting for most pressure-triggered Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing (IPPB) devices, typically set at $-2\,cmH_2O$.

I-time Relationship

The inverse relationship in IPPB therapy where increased flow leads to decreased inspiratory time ($\text{I-time}$), and decreased flow leads to increased inspiratory time.

Target Tidal Volume for IPPB

The volume-oriented goal for hyperinflation therapy, typically $2-3$ times the normal tidal volume, or $10-15\,mL/kg$ of ideal body weight.

Secondary Effects of Increased Intrathoracic Pressure

Hazards of IPPB that include decreased venous return, impaired cardiac filling, reduced cardiac output, and decreased renal perfusion leading to reduced urine output.

Oxygen Dissociation Curve Factors

Components that affect oxygen affinity, including $pH$, $PCO_2$, temperature, and $2,3\text{-DPG}$.

Oxygen Cylinder Safety Systems

Standardized safety mechanisms for gas connections referred to as DISS, PISS, and ASSS.

Lung Compliance

A measure of lung mechanics where an increase is desirable (easier inflation) and a decrease represents stiffer lungs (harder inflation).

Pores of Kohn

Anatomical interalveolar connections that facilitate collateral ventilation.

Canals of Lambert

Anatomical bronchiole-alveolar connections that facilitate collateral ventilation.

Incentive Spirometry (IS) Criteria

A therapy for microatelectasis appropriate for patients with a vital capacity at least $2-3$ times their normal tidal volume; it is considered ineffective if vital capacity is less than $10\,mL/kg$.

Nomo/Monogram

A tool used in respiratory care to calculate ideal body weight based on a patient's age and height.