Pediatric Health Nursing: Childhood Blood Production and Circulation

Vocabulary terms covering fetal circulation, the transition to newborn circulation, and various congenital heart diseases as discussed in the lecture.

Foramen ovale

A fetal heart shunt that allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium to bypass the lungs.

Ductus arteriosus

A fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, diverting blood away from the lungs.

Ductus venosus

A fetal shunt that allows highly oxygenated blood to bypass the liver and reach the inferior vena cava.

Fossa ovalis

The adult fibrous remnant that remains after the closure of the foramen ovale after birth.

Ligamentum arteriosum

The adult fibrous remnant of the ductus arteriosus.

Ligamentum venosum

The adult fibrous remnant of the ductus venosus.

Ligamentum teres

The adult fibrous remnant of the umbilical vein.

Medial umbilical ligaments

The adult fibrous remnants of the fetal umbilical arteries.

Congenital heart disease

A heart abnormality present at birth that can affect the heart walls, valves, or blood vessels.

Cyanotic congenital heart disease

A classification of heart defects that causes low levels of oxygen in the blood, often resulting in a bluish skin tint and breathlessness.

Acyanotic congenital heart disease

A classification of heart defects where oxygen levels in the blood remain adequate, though blood is not pumped efficiently.

Aortic valve stenosis

A narrowing of the valve controlling blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta, which may cause thickening of the left ventricle muscle.

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA)

A narrowing of the main artery (aorta) that leads to reduced blood flow to the body and may require treatment shortly after birth.

Ebstein’s anomaly

A rare heart defect where the tricuspid valve on the right side of the heart is malformed, causing improper blood flow and a smaller right ventricle.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

A condition where the fetal connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta remains open after birth, causing extra blood flow to the lungs.

Pulmonary valve stenosis

A defect where the valve controlling blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs is narrower than normal, forcing the right ventricle to work harder.

Indomethacin

A medication given to newborns to help constrict and close a patent ductus arteriosus.

Angiogram

An imaging picture taken during cardiac catheterization to define the shape and size of the ductus arteriosus.

Heart murmur

A distinct sound heard during physical examination caused by turbulent blood flow, commonly used to diagnose patent ductus arteriosus.

Echocardiogram

A diagnostic procedure used to confirm a patent ductus arteriosus by visualizing the size of the ductus and any heart chamber enlargement.