Germany Topic - Topic 3 (Nazi Control and Leadership)

When did Hitler become Chancellor?

30th January 1933.

How many seats did the Nazis have in the Reichstag in Jan 1933

1/3.

What did Hitler do when he became Chancellor to try and gain a higher majority in the Reichstag

Called another general election for 5th March 1933.

When was the Reichstag fire?

27th February 1933

Who was blamed for the Reichstag Fire?

Marinus van der Lubbe, a Dutch communist

How many Communists were arrested after the Reichstag fire

4000

What were some key points of the Enabling Act?

All power belongs to the Chancellor

Chancellor can create laws without the approval of the Reichstag.

When were trade unions banned?

May 1933.

When were emergency powers given to Hitler

28th February 1933 (day after fire)

When was the Enabling Act passed?

24th March 1933.

What percentage of seats did the Nazis win in the March election? (and was Hitler happy?)

44% and Hitler was not happy as this was not a majority

Why did Hitler form a coalition government with the Nationalist Party?

To achieve a majority (51.9%).

Could the Communist Party vote on the Enabling Act

No

How many votes to what allowed the Enabling Act to be passed?

444 to 94.

When and where was the first Concentration Camp

March 1933, Dachau

What percentage of seats did the Nazis win in November 1933?

95.2%.

What three methods did Hitler use to stay in control?

Propaganda

Fear

Religion

How many non-Nazi newspapers were closed down by 1935?

1600

Who was in charge of Nazi propaganda

Joseph Goebbels

Where did the annual Nazi rallies take place?

Nuremburg.

Why were the Nazi rallies important for Hitler?

They gave a sense of community and appeared exciting and fun

What books were burned?

By Jewish, Communist or anti-Nazi authors

By 1939, what percentage of the German population owned a Nazi radio?

70%.

What played before every film under the Nazis

A 45 minute propaganda video/newsreel by the Nazis.

Who lead the SA

Ernst Rohm.

When was the Night of the Long Knives

30th June 1934

Which Nazi leaders were shot by the SS during the NotLK

Rohm, Hennes, von Scheichler.

When did Hindenburg die

2nd August 1934.

When did Hitler become Fuhrer?

2nd August 1934.

What music did Hitler ban?

Jazz music as he saw it as a "black" music against his ideals of the aryan race.

When was the Berlin Olympics

1936

Who did Hitler refuse to shake hands with at the Olympics despite his win

Jesse Owens

Who was the SS chief in charge of the police and army

Heinrich Himmler.

What was the main religion of Germany?

Christianity (2/3 Protestant, 1/3 Catholic.)

When were the SS initially formed as a bodyguard group?

1925

How were concentration camp victims categorised

Given coloured patches to show whether they were homosexual, political opponents, "work shy" or Jews

What was set up by Hitler in 1935 to promote the "German Faith Movement"?

the Ministry of Church Affairs

When did Hitler sign a concordat with the Catholic church

July 1933

Who did Hitler appoint head of the Reich Church in September 1933

Ludwig Muller

Which Protestant Priest ran the Pastors' Emergency League in December 1933 to oppose the Reich Church

Martin Niemoller.

Why did the Night of Long Knives happen

Himmler told Hitler Rohm was planning a coup.

When was the law against the formation of parties passed?

14th July 1933

When was the Gestapo set up

1933

Who set up the Gestapo?

Hermann Goering

By 1939, how many members did the SS have?

250 000

Which rebel youth organisation beat up members of the Hitler Youth?

Eidelweiss Pirates

What did the swing youth do to oppose the Nazis?

listened to swing and jazz music, wore English fashions

What was the Lebensborn programme?

Unmarried women could have a child by SS men

What was autobahn?

Newly built motorways

What does DAF stand for?

German Labour Front

What year was it made compulsory to join the Hitler Youth?

1936

What were the two ways that the DAF improved life for workers?

Strength through joy and Beauty of labour

By 1938, what had the Nazis reduced unemployment to?

0.3 million

How many years of military service did 18-25 year old men have to do from 1938?

2

What was passed on 28th February 1933?

Decree for the Protection of People and State

When was the Enabling Act passed?

24th March 1933

How many votes was the Enabling Act passed by?

444 to 94

Why did Hitler start to distrust Rohm?

Rohm wanted to merge the SA with the German army

When did HIndenburg die?

2nd August 1934

When was the Night of the Long Knives?

30th June 1934

What did all judges need to be members of?

National Socialist League for the Maintenance of Law

When were the Berlin Olympics?

1936

When was the Rhineland remilitarised?

March 1936

What three word slogan were German women expected to live by?

Kinder, kirche, kuche

What had Hitler youth numbers changed to between 1936 and 1939?

5.4 million to 7 million

Who was the leader of the youth Reich?

Baldur von Shirach

When was the Reich Labour Service (RAD) made?

1935

How long did 18-25 years olds have to serve in the RAD?

6 months

What was the German Labour Front?

Old trade unions

When were the Nuremberg Laws?

1935

What were two policies made under the Nuremberg Laws?

German citizenship, no sexual relations between Jewish people and Germans

When was Kristallnacht?

9th November 1939