Water, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance part 1

Extracellular fluid

What the first water compartment in the body?

Interstitial fluid and plasma that surrounds cells in the body.

What is the Extracellular fluid?

Intracellular fluid

What the second water compartment in the body?

Cytosol (liquid) inside of cells.

What is the Intracellular fluid?

Diets mainly, drinks or food like watermelon (water)

Where does this fluid get created by?

Plasma absorbs nutrients by the villi small intestines.

Which is the most important fluid comparment?

plasma (water) → blood → Interstitial fluid → cells

The pathway of fluids

Water produced during metabolism (when your body breaks down food, especially fats)

What is metabolic water?

Water loss from ECF increases osmotic concentration.

In fluid balance, what happens during dehydration?

Water moves from ICF to ECF to reach osmotic equilibrium.

In fluid balance where does water move during dehydration?

severe thirst, dryness, wrinkling of skin, drop in blood volume and

blood pressure.

What are the causes of dehydration?

Plasma volume decreases and concentration increases (blood becomes more concentrated)

How does dehydration affect plasma?

ECF volume decreases and concentration increases

How does dehydration affect extracellular fluid?

Water leaves the cells, causing cells to shrink and intracellular concentration to increase.

How does dehydration affect intracellular fluid?

Fluids become more concentrated, and cells shrink

What is the overall effect of dehydration on the body?

Overhydration is a condition where the body takes in more water than it can eliminate, causing fluid imbalance.

What is overhydration?

Excessive water intake, kidney failure, hormonal imbalances (like excess ADH), and IV fluid overload

What are the main causes of overhydration?

Plasma volume increases and concentration decreases (blood becomes diluted)

How does overhydration affect plasma?

ECF volume increases and concentration decreases.

How does overhydration affect extracellular fluid?

Water enters the cells, causing cells to swell and intracellular concentration to decrease.

How does overhydration affect intracellular fluid (ICF)?

Fluids become diluted, and cells swell.

What is the overall effect of overhydration on the body?

Water moves into cells from the extracellular fluid.

In overhydration, which direction does water move?

Rapid water movement between ECF and ICF in response to osmotic gradients.

What is the Fluid shift?

Passive flow down osmotic gradients.

what is the osmosis?

Plasma has a high concentration of proteins (especially albumin), while interstitial fluid has very little protein because capillaries prevent large proteins from leaving the blood.

Difference in protein concentration between plasma and interstitial fluid

Capillary walls are not very permeable to large proteins, so proteins stay in the bloodstream instead of moving into interstitial fluid.

Why does plasma have more protein than interstitial fluid?

A pressure created by proteins in the blood (mainly albumin) that pulls water into the capillaries from the interstitial fluid.

Blood colloid-osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure) definition

It pulls fluid back into the bloodstream, helping maintain proper fluid balance between blood and tissues.

Role of colloid-osmotic pressure in fluid balance