AP WORLD INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

industrial revolution, AMSCO 5.3-6.8

Factors Aiding Industrial Growth

• changes in farming methods

• energy revolution

Changes in Farming methods

• enclosure movement

  • fencing off land previously shared by peasant farmers

• crop rotation

Energy Revolution

• coal and the steam engine meant that factories could be built anywhere

• iron became building block for new industrial economy

• coal powered steam engines allowed for railroads

Why Industrial Revolution Started in Britain

• Lots of coal and iron deposits

• More agricultural output meant lower food prices, and less farm work meant more workers. 

• Religious tolerance drew skilled labor from other areas

• Worldwide business market

Why Industrialization Spread throughout Europe

• Smaller nation states led to highly competitive atmosphere

• Newness- no large tax collection, led to alliances between workers and merchants

• World trade- forced to compete with goods from Asia

Positive Effects of Industrialization

• More jobs

• More goods= lower prices

• Inventions improved quality of life for many

• Pop. growth stabilized, death rates fell

• Growth of railroads and canals

• Rise of middle class

Negative Effects of Industrialization

• 70% are lower (laboring) class

  • Suffered the most, benefited the least

  • Overcrowded, dangerous workplaces with child labr, pollution, and low wages

Urbanization

The movement of people to cities, led to overcrowding during the industrial revolution

Tenement Housing

• shabby apartment buildings

• No light, running eater, many to one room, no sanitation system

Responses to Industrialization

• Violence and arson

• Machines taking over jobs

Adam Smith

Believed in capitalism:

• Individuals, rather than governments, control the factors of production

• Land, labor, and capital

• Businesses are privately owned

Karl Marx

Believed in socialism:

• Governments own the means of production and operate them on behalf of the people

• Reform movements, unions, and anti-trust laws were created

Growing Middle Class

consisted of factory owners, shippers, and merchants

• Life had improved and they were protective of those improvements

• No desire to lose new status.