Semester 2 comprehensive stuff i wish id known

What is the A1C test?

A blood test that provides information about a person's average levels of blood glucose, also called blood sugar, over the past 3 months. (A test to see if they have diabetes)

What are the percentages for a1c test?

Normal is <5.7%

Prediabetes is 5.7-6.5%

Diabetes is >6.5%

Normal A1C

<5.7%

Prediabetes A1C

5.7-6.5%

Diabetes A1C

>6.5%

What is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

childhood form of MD

x linked recessive

lacks protein called dystrophin for proper muscle stabliizing

mucles of proximal lower extremities are affected first

they do the gower sign to help them stand

remove clutter to prevent falls

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy lacks what protein?

dystrophin

What is Gower's sign?

Indicator of muscular dystrophy; to stand, the child has to "walk" hands up legs

spina bifida occulta

most common and least severe form of spina bifida without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges, just the small seperation of 2 vertebrae. Typically goes unnoticed.

During midswing of a foot, how do the dorsiflexors contract?

isometrically

Thompson Test

compression of the calf muscle while observing for plantar flexion to assess the stability of the Achilles tendon

Neer Test

pt- sitting, elbow extended, shoulder fully flexed, forearm IR (thumb down)

PT- apply OP in end ROM

*pain = + test (subacromial) for impingement at anteroinferior border of acromion

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Ligaments of foot arches

-Medial Longitudinal Arch: supported by spring ligament, deltiod ligament, and plantar fascia

-Lateral Longitudinal Arch: supported by long planter ligament and plantar fascia (pg. 344)

supported by spring ligament, deltiod ligament, and plantar fascia

Medial Longitudinal Arch

supported by long planter ligament and plantar fasci

Lateral Longitudinal Arch

Thessaly Test

While standing on one leg, the patient rotates their body over the supporting tibia bilaterally 3 times. c/o pain =meniscus tear

What is Grave's disease?

An autoimmune disease of unknow etiology marked by diffused thyroid enlargement and excessive hormone secretion. 75% of hyperthyroidism cases.

What is a goiter?

enlargement of the thyroid gland, a sign of graves' disease.

What is ulnar drift?

deviation of the phalanx from the metacarpal head toward the ulnar side of the arm, related go rheumatiod arthritis.

What is hematocrit?

the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood. Average is around 45%, less can result in anemia

Roos Test

Patient seated, both arms are at 90 degrees then patient abducts and externally rotates them. The patient then repeatedly opens and closes the fists for 2-5 minutes.

-pain/inability means thoracic outlet symdrome

What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

compression of vascular/neurological tissues as they exit the opening of the thorax, via brachial plexus.

Wright's Test

pt has shoulder abducted 90°, elbow flexed 90°, pta monitors radial pulse. pt then fully abducts, pta again monitors radial pulse.

*positive for thoracic outlet syndrome if pulse disappears or weakens

Max heart rate

220-age (If they ask what the max heart rate is, dont bother with the % that they list after!)

APGAR score

a scale of 1-10 to evaluate a newborn infant's physical status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth

-Requires immediate medical attention if less than 4

Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex

Infant's head turned fo 1 side causes arm and leg to extend on that side, and causes arm and leg on opposite side to flex

Rule of Nines (adult)

Head 9%, Back 18%, Chest 9%, Abdomen 9%, Arms 9% each, Groin 1%, Upper Leg 9% each, Lower Leg 9% each.

adult head rule of 9s

9%

adult back rule of 9s

18%

Adult chest rule 9s

9%

rule of 9s adult abdomen

9%

adult groin rul of 9s

1%

adult arms (how much for each) rule of 9s

9%

adult legs (how much for each) rule of 9s

9%

Rule of nines - children

head: 18

upper extremities: 9 each

trunk: 36

lower extremities: 14 each

genitalia: 1

baby head rule of 9s

18%

entire trunk baby rule of 9s

36%

LE baby rule of 9s (each)

14%

UE baby rule of 9s (each)

9%

groin baby rule of 9s

1%

modality parameters

know them

ultrasound contraindications

know them