unit 2.10 : testing and individual differences

standardized

established achievement norms

reliability

consistency of test as means of measurement

split half reliability

randomly halving a test then comparing performance

test retest reliability

correlation between matched pairs for subsequent tests

validity

test accuracy

face validity

appears suitable for measuring material

content validity

whether test covers entire construct

criterion related validity

correlation with outside variables

concurrent criterion validity

how much characteristic a person has

predictive criterion validity

future potential measurement

construct validity

ensures test accurately measure underlying concept

aptitude tests

measures ability or potential

achievement tests

measures learned or accomplished

speed test

generally more questions, less time

power test

increases difficulty level to determine ceiling

group tests

many people, cheaper, more objective

individual tests

more examiner and examinee interaction

intelligence

ability to gather and use information in productive ways

fluid intelligence

ability to solve abstract problems and pick up new skills

crystallized intelligence

using knowledge accumulated over time

spearman

intelligence can be measured by a general ability g

gardner

theory of multiple intelligences

sternberg

triarchic theory of intelligence, analytical, practical, and creative

stanford binet iq test

standardized individual test, mental age/chronological age

alfred binet

tried to help track children progress, created mental age

mental age

measure of intelligence as an age

lewis terman

stanford professor, used binet’s idea, created iq

iq

intelligence quotient

david wechsler

tried to get to know patients better

wechsler tests

tests for cognitive ability based off of a normal curve

wechsler test distribution

mean of 100, sd of 15

categories of wechsler tests

wppsi, wisc, wais

heritability

measures how much of a trait is explained by genetics, 0-1

flynn effect

performance on iq tests have been increasing, ~3 points per decade