Politics and Legal Exam

Political Ideology

A set of beliefs and values about how society and government should operate.

Fascism

A political ideology that puts the nation and state above individual rights and freedoms. It is led by a powerful leader, with limited freedom, strict rules, and little public choice. Benefits can include order and quick decision-making. E.g. Italy under Mussolini.

Socialism

A political and economic ideology where the government or community owns the means of production (factories and resources). Wealth is shared more equally, the government provides services, and there is limited private ownership with greater government control of the economy. E.g. Cuba

Democracy

A system where citizens choose their leaders through voting. People have the power through voting. People have rights and freedoms, fair elections and the government is accountable but majority rules. E.g. Australia

Liberal and Representative democracy

Liberal is a democracy that protects individual rights and freedoms. Representative is a system where people elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

Australia’s political ideology

Australia is mainly a liberal democracy with elements of socialism and capitalism.

political spectrum/compass

spectrum/compass?

A way of showing political beliefs from left to right and authoritarian to democratic.

Australia’s Parliament System

The system that makes laws in Australia, made up of the House of Representatives, Senate, and the Crown.

House of representatives

the House of Representatives is the "lower house" of the Australian Federal Parliament, where the nation's government is formed. It consists of 150 members, each directly elected by the public to represent a specific local area

Senate

The Australian Senate is the "Upper House" of the Federal Parliament. It shares the power to make and change national laws with the House of Representatives. Its main job is to act as a 'house of review' to check, debate, and improve proposed laws.

Constitutional monarchy

A political system in which the monarch (i.e. the king) is the head of state and a parliament makes the laws under the terms of a constitution.

Preferential Voting

A voting system where voters rank candidates in order of preference.

Separation of Powers

The principle of government that ensures no single group in the parliamentary system can administer law and interpret and apply the law.

3 branches of government

• Legislative - responsible for making laws. It consists of elected representatives.

• Executive - implements and enforces laws. Its led by a President or Prime Minister.

• judicial - interprets laws and ensure they are applied fairy. It includes courts and judges.

Foreign Aid