File Handling

Config Files

Applications store .ini / .json / .xml settings that PHP reads at runtime.

w+

Opens file for read and write.

x

New file is created for write only.

fread()

A function reads from an open file

readfile()

A function reads a file and writes it to the output buffer.

fwrite()

New file can be created or text can be appended to an existing file using

getcwd

Is a built-in PHP utility used to retrieve the current working directory of a script.

is_dir

Checks if a directory exists

rmdir()

Function in PHP is used to remove an empty directory.

pathinfo()

Get information about a file path

Log Files

Web servers write access and error logs to disk for debugging and monitoring.

CSV/Data Export

Generate downloadable reports from database queries without external tools.

fopen()

A function is used to open a file.

r

File is opened for read only.

fclose()

File is closed using

Its argument is file which needs to be closed,

feof()

Function checks if the "end-of-file" (EOF) has been reached.

copy()

A function is a built-in filesystem utility used to duplicate a file from a source path to a destination path

rename()

Renames a file or director

scandir()

List files and directories inside the selected directory

User Uploads

Profile photos, resumes, documents — stored on the server file system.

Caching

Store rendered HTML or API responses as flat files to reduce DB queries.

CMS Content

Static site generators and CMS systems read Markdown files from directories.

w

Opens a file for write only. If file not exist then new file is created and if file already exists then contents of file is erased

a

File is opened for write only.

r+

File is opened for read/write.

a+

File is opened for write/read.

fgets()

A function is used to read a single line from a file.

file_exists()

A function checks whether a file or directory exists.

basename()

A function returns the trailing name component (the filename or final directory) from a given path string

mkdir()

Creates a directory/folder

chdir()

Change the current directory

opendir()

Open a directory, read its contents, then close

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