Functions and Structures of the Digestive System

These flashcards cover important vocabulary related to the structures, functions, and disorders of the digestive system.

Digestive System

A system responsible for the physical and chemical breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste.

Gastrointestinal Tract

Also known as the GI Tract, it is a 30-foot long tube that extends from the mouth to the anus.

Mastication

The process of chewing, which aids in mechanical digestion.

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder.

Peristalsis

Rhythmic waves that propel food through the esophagus to the stomach.

Rugae

Folds in the mucous lining of the stomach that allow it to stretch.

Hepatitis A

A type of liver inflammation spread through contaminated food or water.

GERD

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease; occurs when acid and stomach contents regurgitate into the esophagus.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

A disorder affecting the large intestine, characterized by cramping, bloating, gas, and altered bowel movements.

Peptic Ulcer

A sore or lesion in the mucosal lining of the stomach or duodenum, primarily caused by H. pylori bacteria.