Florida Civics EOC PM3 finals

Practice flashcards covering foundation of American government, the Constitution, citizenship, political parties, legal systems, and landmark Supreme Court cases based on guided notes.

What concept did Ancient Greece provide that included voting rights and a written constitution?

A polis

Which ancient civilization influenced the U.S. to become a representative government, also known as a Republic?

Ancient Rome

What are the core focuses of Judeo-Christian values?

The worth of individuals and the importance of personal responsibility

According to John Locke's 'Moral Backpack,' what three rights are individuals born with?

Life, liberty, and property

In a social contract, what do individuals give up in exchange for protected rights?

Some freedom

According to the principle of a social contract, what can citizens do if the government breaks the deal?

Revolt

According to Montesquieu, how many branches of government are needed to keep things fair?

$$3$$

Which 'Big Four' document is famous for establishing the rule of law and the right to a fair trial?

The Magna Carta

Why is the Mayflower Compact considered an early example of a social contract?

The pilgrims agreed to create their own self-government

Who wrote 'Common Sense' to advocate for a representative government?

Thomas Paine

Why did Britain begin taxing the American colonies?

They were in debt from the French and Indian War

Which act was a tax on sweets like molasses?

The Sugar Act

What did the Quartering Act require colonists to provide for soldiers?

A bed or food

What was the purpose of the Coercive Acts?

To punish Boston for the Tea Party

Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

How did Thomas Jefferson adapt John Locke's concept of 'Property' in the Declaration of Independence?

Pursuit of Happiness

According to the Preamble of the Declaration of Independence, what should you do if you are going to rebel?

Declare the causes that made you do it

What was the biggest weakness of the Articles of Confederation regarding government revenue?

The government had NO power to tax

Which event proved the government under the Articles of Confederation was too weak to defend itself?

Shays' Rebellion

What does the phrase 'We the People' signify in the Preamble?

The power belongs to the citizens

In the context of the Preamble, what does 'Posterity' refer to?

Future generations

What does 'Domestic Tranquility' mean according to the Preamble?

Keeping peace at home

Which article of the Constitution creates the Legislative Branch and what is its role?

Article I; to make laws

Which article of the Constitution creates the Executive Branch and what is its role?

Article II; to carry out laws

Which article of the Constitution creates the Judicial Branch and what is its role?

Article III; to interpret laws

What tool does the Executive branch use to stop the Legislative branch from passing a law?

A veto

What power allows the Supreme Court to strike down a law as unconstitutional?

Judicial review

Which body must approve the President's choice for judges?

The Senate

Which amendment grants 'Reserved' powers to the states?

The 10th Amendment

What are shared powers between the state and federal governments called?

Concurrent powers

What requirements are needed to propose and ratify an amendment to the Constitution?

To propose: $2/3$ of Congress; To ratify: $3/4$ of State Legislatures

What is 'Advice and Consent' in the context of checks and balances?

The Senate must approve the President's job picks

What is the 'Power of the Purse'?

The President cannot spend money without permission from Congress

What are the two pathways to citizenship by birth?

Law of Soil (born on U.S. soil) or Law of Blood (parents are citizens)

What are the requirements for an immigrant to undergo naturalization?

$17$ years old, live in the U.S. for $5$ years, pass a test, and take an oath of allegiance

What are the four main obligations of a U.S. citizen?

Obey the law, pay taxes, jury duty, and defend the nation

Why is voting considered a responsibility rather than an obligation?

Because it is not a necessity

Which political party generally advocates for more government services and higher taxes on the rich?

The Democratic party

Which political party generally advocates for less government spending and lower taxes on businesses?

The Republican party

How many electoral votes are required for a candidate to become President?

$$270$$

In the 'Winner-Take-All' system, how are electoral votes awarded?

The winner of the popular vote gets all electoral votes for that state

What role is the media playing when it exposes government actions to the public?

Watchdog role

In the media's 'Gatekeeper' role, what does it mean when a gate is 'Closed'?

A story is ignored

What is the purpose of interest groups like the NRA or Sierra Club?

To influence lawmaking

What type of propaganda involves a candidate trying to appear as a 'normal, average person'?

Plain folk

What is the 'Supreme Law of the Land' in the United States?

Constitutional Law

What are Statutory Laws?

Laws written and passed by a legislature, such as the U.S. Congress

Which type of law is based on the past decisions of judges?

Case Law (or Common Law)

Which type of law deals with disputes between people where the plaintiff usually seeks 'damages' or a settlement?

Civil Law

What are the five freedoms protected by the 1st Amendment (RAPPS)?

Religion, assembly, press, petition, and speech

Which amendment protects against self-incrimination and double jeopardy?

The 5th Amendment

Which Supreme Court case established the power of judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison

Which case ruled that 'separate but equal' segregation was legal?

Plessy v. Ferguson

Which 1954 case ruled that segregation in schools was illegal, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson?

Brown v. Board of Education

What was the significance of United States v. Nixon?

It confirmed the Rule of Law by showing even the President must follow the law

Which amendment officially ended slavery in the United States?

The 13th Amendment

What does the 14th Amendment's 'Equal Protection Clause' mean?

Laws must treat everyone the same

Through which amendment did women gain the right to vote (suffrage)?

The 19th Amendment

Which amendment lowered the voting age to 18?

The 26th Amendment

What is the name of Florida's list of rights?

The Declaration of Rights

How does the Florida Constitution compare in length to the U.S. Constitution?

The Florida Constitution is much longer

In government systems, what is the difference between a System and a Form?

A System tells where power is located; a Form tells who is in charge

What are the three power systems: Federal, Confederal, and Unitary?

Federal: Shared power; Confederal: State power; Unitary: Central power

Who elects the leader (Prime Minister) in a Parliamentary system?

The legislature