Lymphatic and Respiratory Systems Overview

These flashcards cover the key concepts and vocabulary related to the lymphatic and respiratory systems, including immunity types, T and B cell functions, antibody roles, and respiratory mechanics.

Types of Immunity

Includes Active (natural infection or artificial vaccinations) and Passive (natural from mother or artificial via antibody injection).

Active Immunity

Immunity where your body produces antibodies, either through natural infection or vaccination.

Passive Immunity

Immunity where you receive antibodies from another source, such as breast milk or injected antibodies.

T Cells

Cells involved in cell-mediated immunity that kill infected cells.

B Cells

Cells involved in antibody-mediated immunity that produce antibodies.

MHC Class I

MHC molecules present on all cells.

MHC Class II

MHC molecules present only on immune cells (APCs).

CD8 Markers

Markers found on cytotoxic T cells that kill infected cells; associate with MHC Class I.

CD4 Markers

Markers found on helper T cells that assist immune responses; associate with MHC Class II.

Cytotoxic T Cells

T cells that kill infected cells using perforin and lymphotoxin.

Helper T Cells

T cells that release cytokines to help orchestrate the immune response.

Memory T Cells

T cells that provide a faster immune response upon subsequent exposures.

Suppressor T Cells

T cells that help to shut down the immune response.

Plasma Cells

B Cells that actively produce antibodies.

Memory B Cells

B Cells that provide long-term immunity.

Antibodies

Proteins made by B Cells that can neutralize pathogens, agglutinate them, activate complements, and promote phagocytosis.

Lymphatic Flow

The flow mechanism in the lymphatic system characterized by one-way valves and no pump.

Lymph Nodes

Organs that filter lymph fluid in the lymphatic system.

Thymus

An organ where T cell maturation occurs.

Spleen

An organ that filters blood.

Alveoli

The site of gas exchange in the respiratory system, lined with simple squamous epithelium.

Surfactant

A substance produced by Type II alveolar cells that reduces surface tension and prevents lung collapse.

Boyle’s Law

States that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume (P∝V1).

Respiratory Acidosis

A condition caused by hypoventilation leading to increased CO₂.

Respiratory Alkalosis

A condition caused by hyperventilation leading to decreased CO₂.

Metabolic Acidosis

A condition characterized by excess acid not involving the lungs.

Metabolic Alkalosis

A condition characterized by low acid levels in the body.

Compensation Mechanisms

Responses by lungs (quick adjustments) and kidneys (slower adjustments) to maintain acid-base balance.