IET 43640 Exam Prep 2026

Benefits of Six Sigma adoption for an organization include:

a)

Increase of waste in processes

b)

improved stock price

c)

all of the above

d)

improved ability to provide customer value

d)

improved ability to provide customer value

Six sigma may be defined as:

a)

all of the above

b)

a method of analysis using scientific principles

c)

a philosophy for managing an organization

d)

a set of statistical techniques

a)

all of the above

An engineer wants to improve a process and measures the sigma. What does sigma represent?

a)

the value of the product

b)

none of the above

c)

representing variation in the process

d)

a way to improve business operation

c)

representing variation in the process

Why is Six Sigma considered scientific?

a)

because of the extensive training element required

b)

because of the heavy impact of top management support

c)

because of the impact of cost savings on the bottom line

d)

because of the system of questioning, data collection, observation and testing

d)

because of the system of questioning, data collection, observation and testing

Defects per Million Opportunites (DPMO) is a measure of performance. What is the units of DPMO?

1)

Value, such as dollars

2)

1,000,000

3)

feet

4)

there are no units

4)

there are no units

Work breakdown structure deals with:

Question options:

a)

Project schedule

b)

Project cost

c)

Project Teambuilding

d)

All the above.

a)

Project schedule

Identify a non-value added activity that would be considered a form of processing muda (i.e., wasteful):

Question options:

a)

Any and all forms of transportation

b)

An ergonomically unsound workplace

c)

Reworking a product due to poor, initial work.

d)

All the above.

d)

All the above.

An example of project feasibility, with regards to timeliness is:

Question options:

1)

The scope of the project

2)

The potential project does not have the right mix of team members

3)

The project does not have an assigned Green Belt.

4)

The project does not have a relationship to the organization's strategy.

1)

The scope of the project

What is NOT one of the 6 components of a project charter?

Question options:

Business case and benefits

Project identification matric

Goal statement

Problem statement

Project identification matric

In the Problem statement in a project charter, what questions should be addressed?

Question options:

What is wrong, not working and not meeting our customer's needs?

When and where do the problems occur?

What is the frequency of the problem?

All of the above (and more)

All of the above (and more)

Follow figure 8.2 (Gitlow book page 243), which methodology to use on a given project which does not know about the root cause and aims to reduce the waste?

Question options:

Lean thinking

DMAIC

PDSA

Kaizen/rapid improvement event

Lean thinking

Identification of the external customer is important because:

Question options:

a)

We can focus on what our goals should be.

b)

It eliminates wasted advertising of the LSS team

c)

It produces more profit per customer

d)

It permits the company to identify whom to contact with regard to delivering defects.

a)

We can focus on what our goals should be.

What does a SIPOC help a LSS do?

a)

Supports team meeting efficiency

b)

Supports team building

c)

Defines the scope

c)

Defines the scope

A SIPOC helps a team see a LSS problem from a process perspective. This includes which of the following?

Question options:

a)

Identify the LSS team

b)

Identify the company's customers and suppliers.

c)

Define the project via a problem statement.

d)

Help the team put their timeline together

b)

Identify the company's customers and suppliers.

What is NOT included in a GANTT Chart - Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)?

Question options:

Activities (or work packages) to be completed

Subtasks in the major tasks

Interface tasks with other projects

Major tasks in the project

Interface tasks with other projects

From an overall perspective, the activities of a company are tied together by:

Question options:

a)

Physical buildings

b)

The company brand or name

c)

Suppliers

d)

Processes

d)

Processes

What are the interrelated objectives of a general project?

Question options:

Meet budget

Meet the specifications that satisfy the client

Finish on schedule

All of the above

All of the above

Which example below is not an efficiency measure?

Question options:

Time per activity

Amount of rework

Total response time

Turnaround time

Amount of rework

What is one step used to define a process?

Question options:

a)

Identify the process owner

b)

Eliminate steps

c)

Solve the problem

d)

Resolve customer complaints

a)

Identify the process owner

Measurement indicators tell us:

Question options:

a)

identify who is a supplier for a process

b)

about technology requirements

c)

Indicate performance of the processes inputs, process, and outputs, needed for the process

d)

identify how long a LSS project will take.

c)

Indicate performance of the processes inputs, process, and outputs, needed for the process

All BPMs created in this course should include?

Question options:

Steps column (on the furthest left)

Responsible row

Full information in the process boxes

BPM title

All of the above

All of the above

The activity in a BPM is presented by what symbol?

Question options:

A ellipse

A rectangle

A circle

A diamond

A rectangle

What does BPM do? Pick the best answer

Question options:

Shows a process by solutions

Shows the process by financial support

Shows process effort by department or person(s) in corresponding steps

Shows the process by industry type

Shows process effort by department or person(s) in corresponding steps

Which activity is non-added value and non-essential?

Question options:

Any type of rework

Moving and set-up

Stamping

Reviewing and approving

Any type of rework

Process ownership refers to what?

Question options:

1)

Individuals with the power to fire people.

2)

Individuals who don't have the ability to make decisions about changes to a process.

3)

Individuals in a position to make, and have the

necessary power to make, changes to the process.

4)

Individuals who figure out who to direct a LSS team to interact with in studying a given process.

3)

Individuals in a position to make, and have the

necessary power to make, changes to the process.

What is a good definition of variation?

Question options:

a)

Variation is always ideal.

b)

Variation is the distribution of differences of measurement outputs.

c)

Variation is caused by problems with people.

d)

Variation is the difference between what is expected and what is produced.

b)

Variation is the distribution of differences of measurement outputs.

A KPI is defined by whom?

Question options:

The LSS Team

The LSS Champion

The Customer or End User.

The Green Belt.

The Customer or End User.

A voice of the customer (VOC) analysis does what for a LSS team?

Question options:

Helps the LSS team organize complaints that arise from the process the LSS team is applying DMAIC to.

Describes the customers' needs of the organization's product/service and define the process requirements.

Checks off an activity that a LSS needs to do to demonstrate project progress.

Satisfy the LSS Champion that the team is doing what they are supposed to be doing.

Describes the customers' needs of the organization's product/service and define the process requirements.

Which of the following are utilized by a LSS team on what process measurements should become key process indicators (KPIs)?

Question options:

Voice of the customer analysis

Value added process mapping

Project charter

Kano analysis

Kano analysis

Which of the following statements describes discrete data?

Question options:

a)

Of 225 people on the airplane, 85 had connective flights

b)

There were 5,923 gallons of fuel consumed on the flight

c)

The flight arrived at 9:08 pm

d)

It takes 3 hours and 48 minutes to fly from LA to New York

a)

Of 225 people on the airplane, 85 had connective flights

When there is a mixture of parts from different machines, different streams, or different material lots, which sampling methodology should be used, to find out where the problem is?

Question options:

a)

Stratified sampling

b)

100% inspection

c)

50% inspection

d)

Simple Random sampling

a)

Stratified sampling

A histogram is a display what?

Question options:

a)

A graphical display of the order of data, by importance.

b)

A graphical display of the distribution of data.

c)

A graphical display of data by date/time.

d)

A graphical display of the relationship of 2 variables.

b)

A graphical display of the distribution of data.

Identify the data conversion that would be MOST difficult to accomplish:

Question options:

a)

Discrete data converted to variables data

b)

Variables data converted to discrete data

a)

Discrete data converted to variables data

For a normal probability distribution, the relationships among the median, mean, and mode are:

Question options:

a)

The are all equal to the same value, in the same place graphically.

b)

Each has a value different from the other two

c)

The mean and median are the same but the mode is different

d)

The mean and mode have the same value but the median is different.

a)

The are all equal to the same value, in the same place graphically.

A good 'operational definition' should answer what type of questions?

Question options:

The what, the where, the how much, and the whom

The what, the how, the how much, and the who

The what, the why, the how, and the who

The what, the why, the how much, and the whom

The what, the how, the how much, and the who

What does "specification limits" or "spec limits" refer to?

Question options:

Total variation actually measured from the process

Voice of customer

Voice of the process

Variation allowed by the specification

Voice of customer

In order to calculate a process capability index (Cp), what two facts must be known about the process?

Question options:

a)

The process confidence interval and process average

b)

The specification limits and the standard deviation

c)

The process standard deviation and Z value

d)

The process average and process control spread

b)

The specification limits and the standard deviation

When a process is not centered relative to specifications, which of the following statements is true? (Sketch it out)

Question options:

a)

Cpk is the smaller value in comparison to Cp.

b)

Cpk is equal to Cp when the population is not centered.

c)

Cpk is the larger value in comparison to Cp.

a)

Cpk is the smaller value in comparison to Cp.

Why is the normality assumption essential to the interpretation of the capability index?

Question options:

a)

Because a spread of 6 standard deviations represents 77% of cases

b)

Because the specifications are always explained by the bell curve

c)

Because the normal distribution always has a mean of zero

d)

Because only normal distributions are capable of statistical control

d)

Because only normal distributions are capable of statistical control

What is often the definition of process capability?

Question options:

a)

Description of a process in steps and decisions.

b)

The variability of a process compared to requirements

c)

The way to determine the key process indicator.

b)

The variability of a process compared to requirements

A manufacturer produces nails. The manufacturer has determined that each nail has 5 characteristics, or opportunities: length, diameter, plating, hardness, and material, that the customer values. A sample of data has found, a total of 19 defects out of a total production of 500 nails. Calculate the defects per million opportunities.

Question options:

a)

7,600

b)

10,000

c)

250,000

d)

40,000

a)

7,600

A scientist wants to understand if daily calorie intake of a test animal is intermittent. What type of SPC chart should she apply?

Question options:

a)

P chart

b)

X bar and R chart

c)

Individuals and Moving Range chart

d)

U chart

c)

Individuals and Moving Range chart

A commuter to campus averages about 15 min. per day. However, one day it takes 45 minutes to get there due to a blizzard. What type of variation is being exhibited?

Question options:

a)

Common cause

b)

Measurement cause variation

c)

Special cause variation

d)

Both common and special cause variation

c)

Special cause variation

A publisher wants to understand the number of errors per page a printer, on the same book, being producing in a printing process. What type of SPC chart should they apply?

Question options:

a)

X Bar and R char

b)

P Chart

c)

X bar S chart

d)

C Chart

d)

C Chart

A LSS team wants to collect data on the cycle time for a process using SPC. They are debating if they want to collect the data per hour, day, or week. What is the issue with regard to SPC that they are discussing?

Question options:

a)

Bias

b)

Operational Definition

c)

Rational subgrouping

d)

Business case rationale

c)

Rational subgrouping

Control Limits are expressed by:

Question options:

a)

The customer

b)

The manufacturer

c)

The process data

d)

The process owner

c)

The process data

Which of the following is NOT a rule for determining an out of control point?

1. A point falls above the UCL or below the LCL.

2. Nine or more consecutive points lie above the center line or nine or more consecutive points lie below the center line.

3. Six or more consecutive points move upward in value or six or more consecutive points move downward in value.

4. An unusually small number of consecutive points above and below the centerline are present (a sawtooth pattern).

5. Three consecutive points fall exactly on the center line, indicating a lack of natural variation in the process measurement.

6. Two out of three consecutive points fall in the high Zone A or above, or in the low Zone A or below.

7. Four out of five consecutive points fall in the high Zone B or above, or in the low Zone B or below.

8. Fifteen consecutive points fall within Zone C on either side of the center line.

5. Three consecutive points fall exactly on the center line, indicating a lack of natural variation in the process measurement.

What are usually be elements of the measurement process?

Question options:

All of the above (and other factors)

Equipment

Parts

Operators

All of the above (and other factors)

If the height of an individual is always measured when the person is wearing the same shoes, the measurement will be consistent, but what error/bias is there?

Question options:

Systematic bias

Reproducibility error

Random error

Repeatability error

Systematic bias

In a Measurement System Analysis (MSA), what measures the precision of the measurement variation obtained by a single operator using the same tool to measure the same characteristic?

Question options:

Repeatability

Attribute MSA

Reproducibility

Kappa

Repeatability

An bank is involved in a mortgage process. An application form is completed as an output to this process. A Green Belt wants to assess loan officers ability to complete a form accurately. What type of measurement study could be conducted?

Question options:

(a). Gage R&R

(b). Attribute agreement analysis.

(c). Assessment method

(d). None of the above

(b). Attribute agreement analysis.

According to the module notes, in an attribute measurement analysis, what is the definition of 'standard'?

Question options:

(a). The documented process

(b). Expert or correct response

(c). Repeatability

(d). Measurement instrument

(b). Expert or correct response

For an attribute analysis of raters, the range of Kappa is:

Question options:

(a). -1 to 1

(b). 0 to 1

(c). -2 to 2

(d). Any of the above

(a). -1 to 1

In a measurement study, the within rater error was noted to be very low via Kappa statistic. This value could also be stated as:

Question options:

(a). Repeatability error

(b). Reproduceability error

(c). Standard error

(d). None of the above

(a). Repeatability error

In the article, the author discusses what type of examples of poor data?

Question options:

(a). poor data decisions

(b). Data collection

(c). Measurement variation

(d). Process variation

(c). Measurement variation

A root cause has all of the following characteristics except:

Question options:

a)

resulting in nonconformance

b)

is always solved through re-training

c)

results in permanent improvement

b)

is always solved through re-training

A Pareto chart demonstrates:

Question options:

a)

nonconformances according to time

b)

nonconformances according to distribution

c)

nonconformances by factor or category

d)

nonconformances according to geography/location

c)

nonconformances by factor or category

The principle of root cause analysis is:

Question options:

to find the vital few factors driving nonconformance

is a difficult process to conduct

requires looking beyond superficial answers

All of the above

All of the above

An Ishikawa, or fishbone diagram is used to:

Question options:

a)

Evaluate the root cause by the order in which they occur

b)

Evaluate the root cause by data quality

c)

Evaluate the root cause systematically

d)

Evaluate the root cause by frequency of occurance

c)

Evaluate the root cause systematically

Once a team identifies root cause, they should take the next step to:

Question options:

a)

refine the problem statement to reflect root cause identification.

b)

move on to the improve phase

c)

stop and train employees

d)

tell everyone they fixed the problem

Question options:

a)

refine the problem statement to reflect root cause identification.

The test of significance used in an ANOVA table is the:

Question options:

t test

Z test

Chi square test

F test

F test

Errors in hypothesis testing include the following:

Question options:

Common errors

Measurement errors

Human errors

Type I and Type II errors

Type I and Type II errors

Confidence intervals, such as 95%, are based upon what type of probability?

Question options:

'Consumer' risk

Gamma risk

'Producer' risk

'Producer' risk

Say you wanted to understand the population mean from a sample.  If you relaxed the mean estimate, you would also: 

Question options:

decrease the sample size

tighten the confidence interval

relax the confidence interval

increase the sample size

relax the confidence interval

In the carpet example in the module notes, the carpet example demonstrates what about durability?

Question options:

All carpets are significantly different from one another.

There is little significant difference among carpets.

That at least one carpet example is significantly different from all other carpets.

There is no significant difference among carpet durability.

That at least one carpet example is significantly different from all other carpets.

The goal of brainstorming phase in the Improve phase is:

1)

jump to conclusions as to the solutions to the root cause.

2)

select the best possible solution.

3)

build team cohesion.

4)

generate as many potential solutions as possible.

4)

generate as many potential solutions as possible.

The purpose of a Solution matrix in the Improve phase is to:

1)

present the best team recommendation(s) to management.

2)

generate as many recommendations as possible.

3)

select the critical inputs that influence the main output variable.

1)

present the best team recommendation(s) to management.

A LSS team is evaluating a solution and adopts payback period among solutions. The solution with the most desirable payback period is:

1)

32 weeks

2)

50 weeks

3)

20 weeks

4)

49 weeks

3)

20 weeks

Weighing an evaluation criterion (factor) serves the purpose of:

1)

Measure the strength of relationship between solution and criteria.

2)

improving decision making.

3)

generate subjectivity to the idea evaluation process.

2)

improving decision making.

The factor to consider with regard to financing solutions is:

1)

Time.

2)

Brainstorming

3)

Organizational fit.

4)

Cost/benefit analysis

4)

Cost/benefit analysis