AP Exam Review

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Chapters 1, 2, 3

Last updated 7:33 PM on 5/2/24
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99 Terms

1
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Absolute location
Mathematical description by longitude and latitude
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Accessibility
Ease of interaction between locations
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Arial Photography
Professional images captured from planes
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Built environment
Human-made structures and landscapes
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Connectivity
Degree of connection between locations
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Cultural ecology
Study of human adaptation to the environment
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Density
Quantity in a defined area
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Distance Decay
Inverse relationship between distance and connection
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Distance
Measurement of separation between places
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Distribution
Spread of a phenomenon over an area
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Environmental determinism
Belief in landforms and climate shaping human behavior
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Equator
Line separating earth's hemispheres
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Field observation
Physical visit to a location
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Friction of distance
Decreased connection with increased distance
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Ghost Town
Abandoned settlement
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Human geography
Study of human-made environment
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Human-Environment Interaction
Exchange between humans and nature
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International date line
Follows prime meridian, adjusts for boundaries
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Landscape analysis
Defining and describing landscapes
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Latitude
Horizontal lines on the globe
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Longitude
Vertical lines on the globe
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Place
Distinct characteristics of a location
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Possibilism
Acknowledges environmental limits, focuses on human role
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Prime Meridian
Greenwich Mean Time, separates hemispheres
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Proximity
Degree of nearness
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Region
Distinct areas on earth's surface
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Relative Location
Description in relation to another place
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Sense of place
Related to the concept of a location
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Site
Immediate location characteristics
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Situation
Location relative to surroundings and other places
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Spatial Association
Matching distribution patterns
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Spatial approach
Considers arrangement of phenomena on earth's surface
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Spatial data
Information tied to specific locations
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Spatial interaction
Contact and flow between locations
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Time-space compression
Shrinking time distance due to better transportation
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Toponyms
Place names
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Physical geography
Study of the natural environment
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Area
Defined by one predominant characteristic throughout an entire space
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Cartogram
Sizes of units shown based on a specific statistic
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Cartographic scale
How a map communicates the ratio it represents
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Choropleth maps
Use colors to show spatial data distribution
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Conic projection
Earth area projected onto a cone
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Dot distribution maps
Show specific location and distribution across a map
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Fieldwork
Data observed and recorded on location
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Functional regions
Organized around a focal point and defined by activity
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Geographic models
Representations to understand spatial patterns
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Geographic scale
Amount of territory represented by a map
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Graduated symbol maps
Use symbols of different sizes to indicate amounts
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Homogenous regions
Demarcated based on internal uniformity
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Isoline maps
Use lines to connect points of equal value
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Locator maps
Illustrations showing specific locations
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Map projection
Process of showing a curved surface on a flat surface
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Mental maps
Maps created in people's minds
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Mercator map projection
Cylindrical projection representing north as up
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Nodal regions
Demarcated based on internal uniformity
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Nonspatial models
Illustrate theories using words, graphs, or tables
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Patterns
General arrangements of studied things
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Perceptual regions
Defined by the informal sense of a place
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Peters projection
Correct area proportions with distorted shapes
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Physical maps
Shows human-created boundaries and designations
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Plat maps
Shows property lines and land ownership details
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Political maps
Shows human-created boundaries and designations
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Process
Repeated sequences of events
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Qualitative data
Not represented by numbers, focuses on quality
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Quantitative data
Measured and recorded using numbers, focuses on quantity
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Reference maps
Used for referencing locations and information
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Regionalization
Separating regions into smaller portions
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Relative scale
Geographic scale comparison
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Road maps
Shows and labels roads, highways, etc.
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Robinson projection
Shows the entire world at once
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Scale of data
Provides more information than cartographic scale
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Scale
Ratio between real-life size and map size
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Spatial models
Illustrate theories about spatial distributions
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Subregions
Divided smaller areas within regions
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Thematic maps
Show spatial aspects of a phenomenon
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Topographic maps
Contours depict surface features and elevation
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Uniform regions
Area with one predominant characteristic throughout
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Vernacular regions
Regions defined by people's informal sense of place
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Age-sex composition
Population pyramid based on age and gender
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Agricultural population density
Ratio of farmers to arable land area
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Arable land
Land suitable for crop cultivation
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Arithmetic population density
Population divided by total area
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Baby boom
Period of high birth rates
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Baby bust
Decline in births after a baby boom
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Birth deficit
Reduction in birth rates
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Carrying capacity
Max population sustainable without harm
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Cohort
Age groups in population pyramids
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Dependency ratio
Comparison of working to non-working population
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Dependent workforce
Non-working population segments
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Echo
Population increase after a baby boom
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Midlatitudes
Regions between 30°-60° N and 30°-60° S
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Overpopulation
Exceeding sustainable population levels
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Physiological population density
Population divided by arable land area
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Population distribution
Human settlement pattern
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Population pyramid
Graph showing age-sex composition
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Potential workforce
Expected working-age population
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Redistricting
Change in urban and rural district sizes
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Social stratification
Grouping based on status and power
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Population density
A measure of the average population per square mile/kilometer of an area