Foundations of Occupation: Kinesiology in Daily Life

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to kinesiology and occupational therapy, providing definitions and explanations relevant for understanding body motions, joint classifications, and occupational analysis.

Kinesiology

The scientific study of human movement.

Body Motions

The movements that occur in the human body as a result of joint actions.

Joint Classifications

A system used to categorize joints based on structure and function.

Cardinal Planes

Imaginary lines that divide the body into sections: sagittal, frontal, and transverse.

Axes of Movement

Imaginary lines around which movement occurs; includes X, Y, and Z axes.

Biomechanics

The study of the mechanical laws relating to movement or structure of living organisms.

ADLs (Activities of Daily Living)

Basic self-care tasks, such as eating, bathing, and dressing.

IADLs (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living)

More complex tasks that support daily living, such as managing finances or medication.

Range of Motion

The full movement potential of a joint, usually measured in degrees.

Flexion

The bending movement that decreases the angle between two parts.

Extension

The straightening movement that increases the angle between parts.

Abduction

The movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

The movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

Rotation

The action of rotating around an axis.

Pronation

The rotation of the forearm or foot that moves the palm down or the sole inward.

Supination

The rotation of the forearm or foot that moves the palm up or the sole outward.

Dorsiflexion

The action of raising the foot upwards towards the shin.

Plantar Flexion

The action of pointing the toes or extending the ankle downward.

Joint Capsule

A fibrous tissue structure that surrounds and stabilizes a joint.

Synovial Joints

Joints characterized by a fluid-filled joint cavity allowing for a range of movement.

Non-Synovial Joints

Joints that lack a joint cavity and permit little to no movement.

Fibrous Joints

A type of non-synovial joint where bones are connected by dense connective tissue.

Cartilaginous Joints

A type of non-synovial joint where bones are connected by cartilage.

Uniaxial Joints

Joints that allow movement around one axis; examples include hinge and pivot joints.

Biaxial Joints

Joints that allow movement around two axes; examples include condyloid and saddle joints.

Triaxial Joints

Joints allowing movement around multiple axes; examples include ball-and-socket joints.

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into right and left parts.

Frontal Plane

Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.

Transverse Plane

Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.

Midline

An imaginary line that divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Cognitive States

Mental processes that influence motor planning and execution.

Emotional/Psychological States

Feelings and mental processes that can impact movement capabilities.

Motor Planning

The ability to conceive, organize, and carry out a sequence of movements.

Occupational Therapy Practice Framework

A framework that outlines the domain and process of occupational therapy.

Client Factors

Intrinsic factors that influence a client's performance in occupations.

Performance Patterns

Habits, routines, rituals, and roles that influence occupational performance.

Contexts and Environments

External factors that affect an individual’s ability to perform occupations.

Activity Analysis

The process of breaking down an activity into its component parts.

Cultural Factors

Influences derived from a person’s cultural background that affect performance.

Temporal Factors

Time-related elements that influence performance, such as routines and schedules.

Virtual Factors

Influences related to digital environments and technologies.

Assessment

The systematic evaluation of a client's abilities, needs, and preferences.

Intervention

The process of providing therapy strategies to improve client performance.

Targeting of Outcomes

The determination of expected benefits from occupational therapy interventions.

Degrees of Freedom

The number of independent movements allowed at a joint.

Endurance

The ability to sustain an activity over time without fatigue.

Motor Skills

The abilities required to perform precise movements.

Performance Skills

Observable, goal-directed actions that clients demonstrate in their performance.

Roles

Socially defined functions or positions that individuals occupy.

Social Participation

Engagement in social activities that enhance life quality.

Leisure

Activities undertaken for enjoyment during free time.

Play

Engagement in activities for enjoyment and recreation.

Body Structures

Anatomical parts of the body that support physiological functions.

Involuntary Movements

Movements that occur without conscious control, often reflexive.

Active Forces

Forces that facilitate movement generated by muscles and other active agents.

Passive Forces

Forces that can affect movement but do not require voluntary muscle action.

Anatomical Position

A standard position of the body used as a reference in anatomy.