Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on heart function during exercise?

Increased heart rate and strength of contraction, increasing blood supply to skeletal muscles.

How does sympathetic stimulation affect blood vessels?

Vasoconstriction, redirecting blood flow to working muscles.

What impact does the sympathetic nervous system have on blood pressure?

Increases blood pressure and blood flow through muscle capillaries.

What happens to the lungs under sympathetic nervous system stimulation?

Dilation of bronchi and bronchioles, enhancing oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal.

How does sympathetic activation affect metabolism?

Increases metabolic rate, supporting higher energy production.

What effect does sympathetic nervous system stimulation have on brain function during exercise?

Increases mental activity and concentration on performance.

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the liver?

Increases glucose release from the liver to the blood for quick energy.

How does sympathetic stimulation affect skin and thermoregulation?

Increases sweat gland activity to prevent overheating and optimize thermoregulation.

What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on heart rate?

Decreases the rate of contraction, leading to lower heart rate and blood pressure.

How does the parasympathetic system affect the lungs?

Increases constriction of bronchi and bronchioles leading to decreased ventilation.

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the digestive system?

Increases peristalsis, digestion, and absorption of nutrients.

How does the parasympathetic nervous system affect pupil size?

Increases constriction of pupils, reducing light entering the eye.

What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on bladder function?

Increases contraction of the bladder for urine removal.

Cardiac Functioning

What is the role of the vagus nerve in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Slows heart rate through stimulation, leading to slower electrical conduction.

How does the sympathetic nervous system influence heart muscles?

Increases heart rate by stimulating adrenergic receptors and increasing contraction force.

Breathing and Ventilation

What is the impact of parasympathetic nervous system on airway function during rest?

Bronchoconstriction to match oxygen demand and maintains slower breathing for energy conservation.

How does sympathetic stimulation affect breathing during physical activity?

Bronchodilation to increase airflow and breathing rate and depth for enhanced oxygen delivery.

Temperature Control

What happens to sweat glands during sympathetic activation?

They are activated to produce sweat for evaporative cooling.

In terms of metabolism, how does the parasympathetic nervous system function?

Maintains a basal metabolic rate with minimal heat production.

What is the effect on body temperature control when sympathetic stimulation occurs?

Increases metabolic rate to generate heat in cold environments and activates sweat glands.

What physiological changes happen to skin blood flow under parasympathetic stimulation?

Maintains normal blood flow to the skin.