5.10 - Musculoskeletal System

Ligaments

Connect bones

Joints

The places where bones sit against other bones

Tendons

Attach muscles to the skeleton

Marrow

Sites of blood cells production

Hematopoiesis

Production of blood cells in the marrow

Morphology

The basis on which skeletal bones are classified (shape)

Flat Bones

Found in the cranial vault and ribs

Irregular Bones

Found in vertebral column

Long Bones

Have a dense shell of bone called compact bone and inner layer of spongy bone

Short Bones

Found in wrists and feet

Striated Muscle

Voluntary muscles

Visceral Muscle

Involuntary, smooth muscles

Fasciculations

Shivering to produce heat

Arthritis

Disorder of the joint caused by overuse; results in the deposition of osteophytes and causes inflammation and pain

Bursitis

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion tendons

Gout

Caused by deficiency or lack of efficiency of certain enzymes; metabolites of DNA are deposited in joints and uric acid crystals causing inflammation and severe pain

Osteomyelitis

Inflammation in the bone

Rickets

Softening of bones due to a lack of Vitamin D

Osteosarcoma

Malignant cancer of the bone

Hypertrophy

Enlargement of the size of muscle cells in response to increased workload

Atrophy

Muscle wastes and shrinks due to lack of use

Muscular Dystrophy

Dysfunction of the dystrophin gene producing abnormal cell anchoring and stabilizations, causing muscle wasting

Myalgia

Pain within the muscles

Tendonitis

Overuse repetitive injury to the muscle tendons causing localized pain with motion