712 Bias & Health

implicit bias

a form of bias that occurs automatically and unintentionally. it affects judgements, decisions, and behaviors, and is often incompatible with one’s conscious values and beliefs

explicit bias

often characterized by overt negative behavior that can be expressed through physical and verbal harassment or exclusionary action against another

explicit

full revealed or expressed without vagueness, implication, or ambiguity: leaving no question as meaning or intent

implicit

present but not consciously held or recognized

bias

consists of attitudes, behaviors, and actions that are prejudiced in favor of or against on person or group compared to another

system 1

fast thinking and is automatic or unconsciousness (ex gut feeling)

system 2

slow thinking requiring more energy for the brain to perform, thus we spend more time using system 1 during most daily activities (ex. predicting or planning thinking)

economic stability social determinant of health

employment status, job opportunities, income, debt to income ratio, ability to afford healthcare in addition to other planned and unplanned debts

education access and quality social determinant of health

lower levels of education are often associated with poorer health outcomes, health literacy, and language proficiency

healthcare access and quality social determinant of health

the types of services available to meet the needs of the individual, hospital systems, specialized providers, distance to resources

neighborhood and built environment social determinant of health

access to nutritious food such as grocery stores in the local community, safety, ability to have physical activity opportunities, access to clean water, transportation options, free of pollution

social and community context social determinant of health

access to support through trusted neighbors, community members, religious/spiritual groups, coworkers, and family

biological aspect of the biopsychosocial model

often associated with the relationship of disease and bodily health

psychological aspect of the biopsychosocial model

the aspects of mental and emotional wellness that also relate to behavior

social aspect of the biopsychosocial model

interpersonal factors such as social interactions and community activities