Plant Bio Quiz 2

Peduncle

Main stalk supporting the entire inflorescence

Rachis

Secondary axis connecting pedicels to the peduncle

Pedicel

Individual stalk bearing a single flower (floret)

Bract

Modified leaf at the base of a pedicel or branch

Solitary

Single terminal or axillary flower — no inflorescence axis

Raceme

Pedicelled flowers arranged along an unbranched axis

Spike

Sessile flowers along an unbranched axis (no pedicels)

Pancile

Cluster of associated racemes, spikes or corymbs (compound)

Corymb

Flat-topped cluster; outer/lower pedicels longer, open first

Umbell

Pedicelled flowers from a common point at apex of peduncle

Head

Dense cluster of sessile flowers on a common receptacle

Spadix

Spike with thick fleshy axis, usually enclosed by a spathe

The Pericarp is made up of 3 Layers consisting of:

Exocarp, Mesocarp, Endocarp

Dehiscent

Seeds Released at Maturity (Dry fruits) Split Open

Indehiscent

Seeds Remains inside at Maturity (Dry fruits)

Nut

Hard, thick-walled, indehiscent, usually from >1 carpel. Seed solitary. Dispersal: Wind / Animal

Achene

Small, 1-seeded, fruit wall free from seed coat. From 1 carpel. Dispersal: Wind / Water

Caryopsis

Grain — fruit wall fused to seed coat. From 1 carpel. Dispersal: Wind / Animal

Samara

Winged achene or nut; wing aids wind dispersal. Dispersal: Wind

Fleshy Fruits

Pericarp Soft at Maturity

Drupe

Fleshy exo- and mesocarp; bony/stony endocarp (pit). 1–few seeds. Endo: bony

Berry

Entirely fleshy pericarp; multiple seeds embedded in mesocarp. All fleshy

Hesperidium

Berry with leathery rind (exocarp + mesocarp) and juicy segments inside. Exo/meso: rind

Pepo

Berry with hard rind derived from receptacle tissue, not pericarp. Rind = receptacle

Pome

Accessory fleshy fruit — hypanthium is fleshy, not pericarp. Flesh = hypanthium