Human Body Chapter 27

Antigen

Any substance that triggers an immune response

Arteries

Muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Autoimmune disorders

Diseases that occur when the immune system mistakenly attack its own cells

Autonomic nervous system

Regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration

Capillaries

Smallest blood vessel that allows blood cells to pass

Cardiac muscle

Muscle tissue in the heart responsible for pumping blood throughout the body

Cell mediated immunity

Adaptive immune system that destroys intracellular pathogens and cancer/infected cells

Central nervous system

Commands muscles in other brain areas; includes brain and spinal cord

Circulatory system

Transports oxygen, nutrients, and other substances throughout the body to remove waste from tissue

Connective tissue

Type of tissue that provides support for the body and connects its parts

Digestive system

Breaks food to convert into energy and nutrients consisting of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestine, liver, pancreas, gallbladder

Endocrine system

Glands and organs that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream to regulate vital bodily functions

Epithelial tissue

Type of tissue that lines the interior and exterior body system

Excretory system

Skin, lungs, liver, and kidney excrete metabolic waste from the body

Feedback inhibition

Process in which a stimulus produces a response that opposes the original stimulus; also called negative feedback

Gland

An organ in the human/animal body which secretes chemical substances for bodily use

Homeostasis

Relatively constant internal, physical, and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

Humoral immunity

Immunity against antigens in body fluids, such as blood and lymph

Immunodeficiencies

Disorders where the immune system is reduced or absent

Inflammatory response

Nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection

Infectious disease

Disease caused by microorganisms that disrupt normal body functions

Integumentary system

Body’s outer covering that protects against environmental conditions comprising of the skin, hair, nails, and glands

Joints

Place where one bone attached to another bone

Lungs

Respiratory organ; place where gases are exchanged between the blood and inhaled air

Lymphatic system

Network of vessels, nodes, and organs that recycles fluids from tissue

Muscular system

Network of muscles that facilitate movement and generate body heat

Nervous system

Collects, processes, and responds to info about internal and external environment

Nervous tissue

Type of tissue that transmits nerve impulses throughout the body

Neurons

Nerve cell; specialized for carrying messages

Organ

Group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions

Organ system

Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Pathogen

Disease-causing agent

Peripheral nervous system

Nerves and associated cells not part of the brain or spinal cord gather info and transmit impulses from organs to central nervous system

Respiratory system

Picks up oxygen from the air as we inhale and releases carbon dioxide as we exhale consisting of lungs, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi

Skeletal muscle

Muscles attached to bones that are responsible for voluntary movement

Skeletal system

Network of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons that provide structural support and protects organs.

Skin

The thin layer of tissue that covers the human/animal body

Smooth muscle

Muscle tissue where contractile fibrils are not highly ordered, occurs in gut and internal organs

Somatic nervous system

Regulates movement of skeletal muscles

Veins

Vital blood vessels in circulatory system that return blood back to the heart