Renin-Angiotensin System and Related Hormones

Flashcards covering key concepts of the Renin-Angiotensin System, related hormones, and their physiological functions.

Renin

An enzyme released by the juxtaglomerular apparatus in response to low blood pressure, which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)

An enzyme that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II in the lungs.

Angiotensin II

A peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and stimulates the release of aldosterone, increasing blood pressure.

Aldosterone

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that promotes sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)

A structure in the kidney that detects blood pressure drops and regulates renin release.

Negative Feedback

A regulatory mechanism in which a change in a physiological variable triggers a response that counteracts the initial change.

ADH (Anti-diuretic Hormone)

A hormone released in response to angiotensin II or blood osmolarity, promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Zymogens

Inactive enzyme precursors that require activation by specific stimuli.

Diabetes Mellitus

A condition characterized by insufficient insulin production or resistance, leading to high blood glucose levels.

Diabetes Insipidus

A condition caused by deficiency of ADH leading to excessive urination and dehydration.