Academic Team MASTER: American History

Imperialism

Building an empire by founding colonies or conquering other nations

Isolationaism

Avoiding involvement in affairs of other nations

Manifest Destiny

Belief held by many Americans that the US was destined to expand its borders from "sea to shining sea"

Joseph Pulitzer

New York World

William Hearst

New York Journal

Yellow journalism

exaggerated news to sell papers

William Seward

Secretary of State who was responsible for purchasing Alaskan Territory from Russia. By purchasing Alaska, he expanded the territory of the country at a reasonable price.

"Sewards Folly"

many criticized William Seward's purchase of Alaska from Russia for 7.2 million dollars, calling it his folly.

Open door policy

Statement of U.S. foreign policy toward China. Issued by U.S. secretary of state John Hay (1899), the statement reaffirmed the principle that all countries should have equal access to any Chinese port open to trade.

Enrique Dupuy de Lome

Spanish ambassador to the United States. Attacked Mckinley's policies and what he said was published in the US newspaper. This contributed to the Spanish-American war.

William McKinley

25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist

USS Maine

Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War

Teller Amendment

Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war

Rough Riders

Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War

Teddy Roosevelt

26th President, from 1901-1909, passed two acts that purified meat, took over in 1901 when McKinley was shot, Went after trusts, formed the "Bull Moose Party", wanted to build the Panama canal, and make our Navy ( military stronger )

San Juan Hill

Site of the most famous battle of the Spanish-American war, where Theodore Roosevelt successfully leads the Rough Riders in a charge against the Spanish trenches

Platt Amendment

limited Cuba's right to make treaties, allowed US to intervene, required Cuba to sell or lease land to US

1917 Jones Act

Puerto Ricans are naturalized and they have rights they are citizens

3 Examples of Territory Gained in SA war

Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines

Panama Canal

(TR) , The United States built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400,000,000 to build. Columbians would not let Americans build the canal, but then with the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. The new ruling people allowed the United States to build the canal.

Roosevelt Corollary

(TR) , Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force, first put into effect in Dominican Republic

Militarism

A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war

Alliances

agreements between nations to aid and protect one another

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria Hungary assassinated by a Serbian in 1914. His murder was one of the causes of WW I.

Gavrilo Princip

The assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Black Hand

Mobilize

Prepare military forces for war

Central Powers

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire

Allied Powers

Alliance of Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, and France during World War II.

Trench Warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

Stalemate

A situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible

Neutral

Not favoring either side

U-Boat

German submarine

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

Zimmerman Note

1917 - Germany sent this to Mexico instructing an ambassador to convince Mexico to go to war with the U.S. It was intercepted and caused the U.S. to mobilized against Germany, which had proven it was hostile

Committee on Public Information

It was headed by George Creel. The purpose of this committee was to mobilize people's minds for war, both in America and abroad. Tried to get the entire U.S. public to support U.S. involvement in WWI. Creel's organization, employed some 150,000 workers at home and oversees. He proved that words were indeed weapons.

Espionage Act of 1917

aimed mostly at germans/antiwar protesters; tried to curb free speech; socialists were targeted/arrested; Supreme Court said that Congress could limit free speech if it represented a clear & present danger

Sedition Act of 1918

added to Espionage Act to cover "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the American form of government, the Constitution, the flag, or the armed forces.

Selective Service Act of 1917

Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft

Liberty Bonds

Where people bought bonds so the government could get that money now for war. The bonds increased in interest over time.

American Expeditionary Force

About 2 million Americans went to France as members of this under General John J. Pershing. Included the regular army, the National Guard, and the new larger force of volunteers and draftees and they served as individuals

Armistice

An agreement to stop fighting

Fourteen Points

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

League Of Nations

A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946.

Treaty of Versailles

(WW) 1918, , Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to rapair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons.

Reparations

As part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was ordered to pay fines to the Allies to repay the costs of the war. Opposed by the U.S., it quickly lead to a severe depression in Germany.

Alsace-Lorraine

Territory taken by Germany from France as a rest of the Franco Prussian war. Was later returned to France as a result of German defeat in WWI

The Rhineland

demilitarized zone according to the Treaty of Versailles

Tippecanoe and Tyler Too

slogan used by the Whig Party in 1840 - William H. Harrison(the hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe) and John Tyler

Vote Yourself a Farm

Republic promise in 1860 campaign to give land in the West to anyone who would settle it

He kept us out of War

1916 - Democratic slogan for Wilson

Every Man a King

Huey P Long's slogan for this "Share Our Wealth" movement during the Great Depression

Don't swap horses in the middle of the stream

Republic slogan to keep Abraham Lincoln in office during Civil War

A Chicken in Every Pot

1928 - Republican Candidate Herbert Hoover to suggest "Coolidge Prosperity"

Had Enough?

Question asked by Rep. during 1948 presidential campaign of Thomas Dewey because Democrats had controlled the Presidency for 12 years

A Choice not an Echo

Conservative Republicans opposed to nominating Republicans who accepted the New Deal reforms - 1964 Barry Goldwater

In your guts you know he's nuts

1964 - Conservatives nominated Barry Goldwater saying "In your heart you know he's right" this slogan was Democratic response

A Public Office is a Public Trust

1884 Dem slogan for Grover Cleveland, reminding voters the Rep. candidate James Blaine was selling favors to a railroad company during his time as Speaker of the House

We do our part

Motto of the New Deal Recovery Administration (NRA) used in conjunction with Blue Eagle emblem to identify companies that had adopted NRA codes

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Case that established principle of judicial review - first time the court declared a congressional law unconstitutional

Fletcher v. Peck (1810)

Case that overturned Georgia law that violated an individual's right to enter into a contract - Cheif Justice John Marshall

Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)

Case - state of New Hampshire couldn't revoke the college's colonial charter because it was a contract

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

Case that recognized Cherokee tribe as political entity - Georgia couldn't regulate them nor invade their land

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)

Case that ruled that African Americans were not citizens of the US - declared Missouri Compromise unconstitutional

McCullough v. Maryland (1819)

Case that ruled a state could not tax a national bank

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Case that ruled the federal government, not states, had the power to regulate trade between states

US v. Crookshank (1876)

Ruled the national government has no right to punish someone for violating civil rights of individuals - only states can

US v Reese (1876)

Declared the 15th amendment did not automatically protect the rights of African Americans to vote (only listed the ways that states could not prevent blacks from voting)

Munn v. Illinois (1877)

Ruled states and federal government could not regulate railroads because they were businesses that served public interest

Plessy v. Fergusson (1896)

Established "separate but equal" - court ruled that segregated facilities did not violate the 14th amendment

Muller v. Oregon (1908)

Ruled that states could not legally limit working hours for women

Bunting v. Oregon (1917)

A ten-hour work day for men was upheld by the supreme court

John Wilkes Boothe

Shot and killed Lincoln in Washington theater in April 1865 - was a rabid confederate sympathizer who believed slavery was good

Charles Guiteau

Shot and killed President Garfield at Washington's Union Station in 1880

Leon Czolgosz

Anarchist that shot and killed William McKinley in 1901

John F. Schrank

Shot Teddy Roosevelt as he was exiting a Milwaukee hotel on his way to deliver a speech during Bull Moose campaign in 1812

Lee Harvey Oswald

November 22, 1963 - Shot and killed President Kennedy in Dealey Plaza, Dallas, TX while he was riding in a car with his wife for a presidential parade. Killed by Jack Ruby

John W. Hinckley Jr.

Shot and seriously wounded Ronald Reagan and three members of his entourage outside a Washington hotel

The Great War for the Empire

The Seven Year's War aka the French & Indian War

The Peculiar Institution

southern euphemism for slavery

Manifest Destiny

coined by John O'Sullivan in 1845 - reflected the expansionist spirit of the era

Waving the Bloody Shirt

Post-Civil War Republican tactic involving reminding Northern voters that South was mostly Democratic

The Robber Barons

name given to ultra rich industrialists of the late 19th century

His Rotundity

John Adams's nickname referring to his pear shape

Old Hickory

Andrew Jackson's nickname that dates back to his Indian fighting days in the War of 1812

The LIttle Magician

Martin Van Buren's nickname - also called "The Red Fox" for his political creativity

Old Rough and Ready

Zachary Taylor's nickname

His Fraudulency

Rutherford B. Hayes' nickname- won the presidency in the famous disputed election of 1876

The Rough Rider

Teddy Roosevelt's nickname

The Ohio Icicle

Senator John Sherman's nickname

Big Bill

William H. Taft's nickname - over 300 lbs

Silent Cal

Calvin Coolidge's nickname - he never had much to say

The Kingfish

Huey P. Long's nickname

Tail Gunner Joe

Joseph McCarthy's nickname

Tricky Dick

Richard Nixon's nickname

Landslide Johnson

Lyndon Johnson's nickname

Major Charles Stanton

Who proclaimed "Lafayette, we are here" upon the arrival of US troops in Paris?

Mata Hari

What famous WWI spy was executed by the French?

4.7 million doughboys

How many Americans served during WWI?

Killed 25, capture 132

How many Germans did Sergeant Alvin York capture almost single-handedly?