Reformation

Martin Luther

Created Lutheranism and protestantism

Indulgences

A pardon for sinners

Johann Tetzel

Sold indulgences to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral

95 theses

criticisms about the church and indulgences

Reformation

Corruption in the church, simony, marriage, and luxury

Henry VIII

6 wives, broke away from Rome, children were Mary, Elizabeth, and Edward

Catherine of Aragin

1st wife, had Mary, catholic, divorced

Anne Boleyn

2nd wife, had Elizabeth, protestant, beheaded

Jane Seymour

3rd wife, had Edward, died in childbirth

Anne of Cleves

4th wife, divorced

Catherine Howard

5th wife, cousin to Anne Boleyn, beheaded

Catherine Parr

6th wife, survived, married Thomas Seymour

Thomas More

Chancellor, did not swear an oath to King Henry

Act of Supremacy

The king as the head of the church of England

Edward VI

Expanded the Church of England, let his council rule, died at 16

Jane Grey

Henry’s grand-niece, married to Edward VI, supposed to be next queen

Mary I

Attempted to restore Catholicism, married to Philip II, 300 protestants killed

Elizabeth I

Advanced exploration, re-established the Protestant Church, defeated the Spanish Armada

Thomas Cranmer

Archbishop of Canterbury, guided changes in policy

Thomas Seymour

Advisor to Edward VI, executed by Edward

John Calvin

Attempted to reform the church, founded Calvinism

Act of Uniformity

Set form of worshap, mandatory church attendance on Sundays

Mary, Queen of Scots

Catholics rebelled hoping to give her the English Crown

James I (James VI of Scotland)

Mother was Mary, at Elizabeth’s death was named her heir

Pope Leo X

Medici Pope, exocommunticated Luther

Charles V

edict of worms, peace of Augsburg

Presbyterianism

Scottich Calvinism

Ignatius Loyola

founded the Jesuits

John Knox

founded Presbyterianism

Philip II

Married Mary, went to war with elizabeth

Henry IV (of Navarre)

Ended Spanish Interference, converted to Catholicism, passed the edict of Nantes

Edict of Worms

Declared Luther as an outlaw

Edict of Nantes

Granted religious rights to huguenots, not religious freedom

Peace of Augsburg

Granted german princes to choose their religions for their lands

Council of Trent

Agreed on several old doctrines, banned the sell of indulgences, wrote up the index of forbidden books

Jesuits

Catholic order focused on converting people to catholicism and stopping protestantism.

Seminary

Religious schools by jesuits

Huguenots

French protestants who followed calvinism

Inquistion

an order focused on punishing heretics

Printing press

helped spread new religious ideas farther and faster

Salvation

Lutherians, faith could save them, Calvinism, god chooses at the beginning, Catholicism, religious sacraments were needed

Counter-Reformation

Catholic church began to reform itself

Peasant Revolt in Germany

Peasants used Luthor’s writings to justify a social revolution

Spanish Armada

Sent to England, because of them helping the Netherlands, British Sea Dogs, and wanting them to return to catholicism

Predestination

A person’s fate is decided by god at the start

Zwingli

Wanted to reform the church, reformed Zurich, removed images, and died in battle

Theocracy

Religion rules as the government

Effects of Reformation

Weaken the Church, strengthen individual nations, many changes in society

French Civil War

Guise family, Catholics vs Bourbon family, Huguenots, fought for royal intheritance. Henry of Navarre, Bourbon, won the war

Catherine De Medici

Switched sides during the war to be on the winning side