CHEMICALS

Purified Trypanosoma brucei gambiense cells

The biological material that Eflornithine's activity is specific for

Eflornithine-nifurtimox

An alternative drug combination for West African HAT with CNS involvement

protein-bound

The state of Albendazole sulfoxide which allows entry into tissues, bile, cerebrospinal fluid, and hydatid cyst

Albendazole sulfoxide

The active metabolite of Albendazole, formed in the liver

sulfur group

The chemical group that differentiates Albendazole from Mebendazole in the benzimidazole structure

imidazole ring

The important structure present in all benzimidazole variations that allows them to perform their mechanism of action

amine group

A chemical group present in all variations of benzimidazole

benzimidazoles

The general class of drugs that acts as a first line for nematodes

beta-tubulin dimers

The structures that Benzimidazoles bind to and disrupt, causing paralysis or immobilization of helminths

corticosteroids

The medication given along with Albendazole and Praziquantel for neurocysticercosis treatment

glucuronidation and carboxylation

The hepatic processes that Abacavir undergoes

alcohol

The substance whose concurrent ingestion can increase Abacavir serum levels

guanine analog

The classification of Abacavir

cytosine analog

The classification of Lamivudine

TMP-SMX (Cotrimoxazole)

The drug whose co-administration increases the bioavailability of Lamivudine

fluorine

The element contained in Emtricitabine that differentiates it from Lamivudine

fluorinated analog of Lamivudine

The classification of Emtricitabine

propylene glycol

The component in Emtricitabine oral solutions that makes them contraindicated in certain patient populations

tenofovir-diphosphate

The pharmacologically active moiety of Tenofovir

prodrug of Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)

The form in which Tenofovir is administered orally

adenosine monophosphate (AMP)

The nucleoside phosphonate analog that Tenofovir is related to

acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analog of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)

The full chemical classification of Tenofovir

deoxythymidine analog

The classification of Zidovudine (AZT)

synthetic deoxyadenosine analog

The classification of Didanosine (ddI)

thymidine analog

The classification of Stavudine (d4T)

thymidine analogs

The classification of Zidovudine and Stavudine

CYP3A4

The enzyme that extensively metabolizes all Protease Inhibitors (PIs)

sulfonamide moiety

The chemical group contained in Darunavir, Fosamprenavir, and Tipranavir that may cause hypersensitivity

acidic medium

The environment required for Atazanavir absorption and pH-dependent aqueous solubility

proton pump inhibitors

The drug class whose concurrent use is contraindicated with Atazanavir

ritonavir

The drug that must be co-administered with Darunavir

ritonavir

The drug most often administered in combination with Fosamprenavir as a low-dose booster

sulfa moiety

The chemical group contained in Fosamprenavir that may cause a rash

acidic environment

The medium required for optimum solubility of Indinavir

low-fat, low-protein meal

The type of meal that should be consumed with Indinavir for maximal absorption

ritonavir

The drug with which Lopinavir is currently available only in combination

CYP3A and CYP2D6 isoforms

The enzymes that metabolize Ritonavir

high-fat meal

The meal type that increases the bioavailability of Tipranavir

sulfonamide moiety

The chemical group contained in Tipranavir

CYP3A4

The enzyme that Maraviroc is a substrate for

cation-containing antacids or laxatives

Substances that should be taken 2 hours before or 6 hours after Dolutegravir ingestion

sucralfate

The compound that should be separated from Dolutegravir ingestion by 2 hours before or 6 hours after

oral iron supplements

The supplements that should be separated from Dolutegravir ingestion by 2 hours before or 6 hours after

oral calcium supplements

The supplements that should be separated from Dolutegravir ingestion by 2 hours before or 6 hours after

buffered medications

The medications that should be separated from Dolutegravir ingestion by 2 hours before or 6 hours after

glucuronidation

The metabolic process Raltegravir undergoes

sodium stibogluconate

The major drug for Leishmaniasis

pentavalent antimony

The chemical compound found in Sodium Stibogluconate

Pentamidine

The first alternative drug for Leishmaniasis

Miltefosine

The second alternative drug for Leishmaniasis

organic arsenical compound

The chemical classification of Melarsoprol, which is considered a poison

urea

The molecule from which Suramin Sodium, a DOC for early East African trypanosomiasis, is a complex derivative

ornithine derivative

The chemical classification of Eflornithine

polyamine synthesis

The metabolic process inhibited by Eflornithine in trypanosomes

synthetic nitrofuran ring

The chemical structure in Nifurtimox that increases oxidative stress by producing free radicals

free radicals

The molecules produced by Nifurtimox that increase oxidative stress

Tetracycline

The DOC for Balantidium coli infection

Albendazole

An alternative drug for Giardia Lamblia infection

Nitazoxanide

A drug against Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum

Tizoxanide

The active metabolite of Nitazoxanide

tyramine and tryptophan

The components found in food and drinks that should be avoided when taking Furazolidone

Nitrofuran

The active metabolite of Furazolidone

acetylcholine

The neurotransmitter blocked by Piperazine at the myoneural junction

pyrimethamine nucleoside

The classification of Trifluridine

fluorinated pyrimidine nucleoside

The full classification of Trifluridine

sulfur group

The chemical group that differentiates Albendazole from Mebendazole

Benzimidazoles

The class of drugs whose toxicity necessitates monitoring liver enzymes

nicotinic

The receptor type that Pyrantel Pamoate is an antagonist of

pentamidine

The drug that increases the risk of severe hypocalcemia when used concomitantly with Foscarnet

inorganic pyrophosphate analog

The chemical classification of Foscarnet

L-valyl ester

The classification of Valacyclovir (a prodrug of acyclovir)

L-valyl ester prodrug of ganciclovir

The classification of Valganciclovir

guanosine analog

The classification of Ganciclovir

guanosine analog

The classification of Acyclovir

guanine analog

The classification of Famciclovir's active metabolite, Penciclovir

Diacetyl ester prodrug of 6-deoxypenciclovir

The classification of Famciclovir

saturated 22-C aliphatic alcohol

The chemical classification of Docosanol

cytosine nucleotide analog

The classification of Cidofovir

Nucleoside agent

The classification of Brincidofovir

sialic acid

The component that Zanamivir and Oseltamivir, as analogs of, interfere with the release of progeny virus

sialic acid

The component removed by DAS181 from adjacent glycan structures

glycan structures

The components from which DAS181 removes sialic acid, as they act as the virus receptor

Amantadine and Rimantadine

The two drugs classified as tricyclic amines of the adamantane family

Rimantadine

The drug that is an alpha-methyl derivative of amantadine

alpha-methyl derivative of amantadine

The chemical classification of Rimantadine

M2 proton ion channel

The specific channel blocked by Amantadine and Rimantadine

Amantadine and Rimantadine

The drugs whose mechanism of action halts the uncoating of viral RNA

guanosine analog

The classification of Ribavirin

monoclonal antibody

The classification of Palivizumab

Intralesional injections

The route of administration for Interferons used for Condylomata acuminata

topical

The route of administration for Imiquimod

cytosine nucleotide analog

The classification of Cidofovir

saline

The substance used for preloading to reduce Foscarnet nephrotoxicity

divalent cations

The substances used to chelate andantadine and Rimantadine

guanosine analog

The classification of Ribavirin

monoclonal antibody

The classification of Palivizumab

Intralesional injections

The route of administration for Interferons used for Condylomata acuminata

topical

The route of administration for Imiquimod

cytosine nucleotide analog

The classification of Cidofovir

saline

The substance used for preloading to reduce Foscarnet nephrotoxicity