Cold War Part 4

Who became Pope in October 1978?

John Paul II

When did John Paul II become Pope?

October 1978

When does Thatcher become PM?

May 1979

When is the Carter Doctrine unveiled?

January 1980

When is solidarity officially recognised by the Polish government?

September 1980

When is Reagan elected?

November 1980

When was Martial Law declared in Poland?

December 1981

When does Brezhnev die?

November 1982

Who replaces Brezhnev?

Yuri Andropov

When is SDI announced?

March 1983

What crisis happened in September 1983?

KAL007

When was KAL007 shot down?

September 1983

What was the Able Archer crisis?

NATO war game that the Soviets believed may be real as it involved increasing US security level

Who was the victim of the first communist revolution in Afghanistan that brought the PDPA to power, and when?

Mohammad Daoud Khan in April 1978

What did the PDPA stand for?

People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan

How long was Afghanistan’s border with the USSR?

2500km

How many Poles were Catholic?

Over 90%

At which Summit did Carter emphasise that neither side should interfere in Afghanistan?

Vienna 1979

Why were the USSR fearful of an unstable Afghanistan?

• Growth in Muslim nationalism, fear that it may spread to the many majority muslim republics within the Soviet Union

• 2500km border

Who replaced Khan?

Taraki

Who replaced Taraki and when?

Amin in September 1979

US reaction to Afghan invasion?

• Embargo on trade and cultural exchange

• Blocked SALT II

• Attempted to end European Detente

• Carter Doctrine - US commitment to prevent Soviet advance in Persian Gulf and South Western Asia

Reagan’s Cold War policies?

• Opposed summit talks and rejected Detente, calling the USSR the “Evil Empire”

• 700 new nukes and Defence budget reaching $1.4 trillion

• SDI - (Strategic Defense Initiative)

• Naval exercises with Nuclear subs off of Soviet territorial waters

Thatcher’s Cold War Policies?

• US special relationship

• Support NATO countries

• Protect and support US bases in North America and Europe

• Deterrence vs Detente

• Continuing Trident

Who led Solidarity?

Lech Walesa, dockyard electrician

By January 1981 how many Poles were part of Solidarity?

9.4 million

Which military leader took control of Poland in February 1981?

Wojclech Jalruzelski

How many Poles were arrested in the Solidarity crackdown of December 1981?

10000 - after the imposition of Martial Law

What did then imprisoned Walesa win in 1983?

Nobel Peace Prize

How did the US react to the 1981-2 crackdown on Solidarity?

Heavier economic sanctions that worsened the terrible economic conditions in Poland

When was KAL007 shot down?

September 1983 with 269 (61 American) casualties

Why did KAL007 fly over the USSR?

Copilot failed and it ignored the warning signals from the Soviets

Which Warsaw Pact country wanted a preemptive strike during the Able Archer crisis?

GDR

When was Allende elected as President of Chile?

November 1970

When did Pinochet seize power?

September 1973

When did the Angolan Civil War begin?

March 1975

How many Cuban “volunteers” were sent to Angola in August 1976?

36000

When did the US recognise the MPLA as the government of Angola?

January 1977

When does Somalia invade Ethiopia?

July 1977

When did the Somalian-Ethiopian conflict end?

March 1978

When did the Sandinista take power in Nicaragua?

July 1979

Who seized power in Grenada in 1983?

Bernard Coard

Who was the MPLA and who supported them?

The People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola, supported by Cuba and the USSR

Who was the FNLA and who supported them?

the National Front for the Liberation of Angola, supported by the USA, China and South Africa

How much money did the CIA provide the FNLA pre-Civil War?

$300,000

What aid did the US supply the FNLA with during the war?

$25 million in supplies and $16 million in arms

Why was US support for the FNLA particularly controversial?

South Africa’s large role - due to it being an apartheid state

When did the FNLA+SA advance towards Luanda (capital city)?

October 1975

Which countries forces helped the MPLA to defend Luanda?

Cuba

By 1988 how many cuban troops were stationed in Angola?

52,000

When was the Ethiopian Emperor overthrown and who was he?

1974, Haile Selassie

Who led the overthrow of the Ethiopian Empire?

Colonel Mengistu Halle Martam

What were the Somalians trying to seize with their July 1977 invasion?

Ogaden

By February 1978 how many Cuban soldiers were in Ethiopia?

Around 15000

When was the Somali-Ethiopia ceasefire?

March 1978

What economic pressures did the US levy on China?

• Withdrawn own aid

• Blocked World Bank from lending to Chile

What did Pinochet immediately put into force once reaching power?

Detention centres for leftist leaders, writers and arts with many of them disappearing

Which Leftist movement seized power in Grenada in 1979?

New Jewel Movement

What was the USSR response to the Grenada invasion?

Walked out of Geneva arms control talks

Which US ally was publicly angered after the invasion of Grenada?

Thatcher due it once being part of the British Empire

Who led the Sandinistas and who initially recognised them and provided them with aid?

Daniel Ortega Saavedra and Pres. Carter

How many US troops were sent to Grenada and how long did it take them to seize control?

7,000 and 3 days

Which group did Reagan support in Nicaragua?

Contras

When did the Sandinistas impose censorship and rights restrictions?

March 1982 after a large scal